Tanduk Afrika

Tanduk Afrika (Templat:Lang-om, Amhara: የአፍሪካ ቀንድ, rumi: yäafrika qändcode: am is deprecated , Somali: Geeska Afrikacode: so is deprecated 𐒌𐒜𐒈𐒏𐒖 𐒖𐒍𐒇𐒘𐒏𐒖, Tigrinya: ቀርኒ ኣፍሪቃ, rumi: q’ärnī afīrīqacode: ti is deprecated atau Arab: القرن الأفريقي, rumi: al-qarn al-'afrīqīcode: ar is deprecated , bahasa Inggeris: Horn of Africacode: en is deprecated ) merupakan semenanjung di Afrika Timur yang menganjur beberapa ratus kilometer ke Laut Arab dan terletak di sebelah selatan Teluk Aden. Ia merupakan unjuran pating ke barat benua Afrika. Di rujuk pada zaman pertengahan sebagai Bilad al Barbar ("Tanah penduduk Berber]]"),^[5][6][7] the Horn of Africa denotes the region containing the countries of Eritrea, Djibouti, Ethiopia and Somalia.^{[8][9][10][11]}

Tanduk Afrika
Area	1,882,857 km
Population	100,128,000
Negara	Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia
Zon Masa	UTC+3
Total GDP (PPP) (2010)	$106.224 billion [1][2][3][4]
GDP (PPP) per capita (2010)	$1061
Total GDP (nominal) (2010)	USD35.819 bilion [1][2][3][4]
GDP (nominal) per capita (2010)	$358
Languages	Afar, Amharic, Arabic, Oromo, Somali, Tigre, Tigrinya
Largest cities	Bandar Raya Djibouti, Djibouti Asmara, Eritrea Addis Ababa, Habsyah Mogadishu, Somalia

Ia melitupi sekitar 2,000,000 km² (770,000 sq mi) dan didiami oleh sekitar 100 juta penduduk (Ethiopia: 85 juta, Somalia: 9.3 juta, Eritrea: 5.2 juta, dan Djibouti: 0.86 juta). Kajian Regional di Tanduk Afrika telah dijalankan , antara lain, dalam bidang Kajian Ethiopia termasuk juga Kajian Somali.

Lihat juga

• Negara Ajuuraan
• Empayar Aksumite
• Laluan Gaharu
• Tanah Punt
• Operasi Enduring Freedom - Tanduk Afrika
• Laluan Sutera

Sejarah Kebangsaan:

• Sejarah Djibouti
• Sejarah Eritrea
• Sejarah Ethiopia
• Sejarah Somalia

Kesultanan dan kerajaan:

• Adal Sultanate
• Aussa Sultanate
• Dervish State
• Geledi Sultanate
• Harar Sultanate
• Ifat Sultanate
• Kingdom of Gomma
• Kingdom of Gumma
• Kingdom of Jimma
• Kingdom of Kaffa
• Majeerteen Sultanate
• Marehan Sultanate
• Mudaito Dynasty
• Shewa Sultanate
• Sultanate of Hobyo
• Sultanate of Mogadishu
• Walashma dynasty
• Warsangali Sultanate
• Zagwe dynasty

Nota

1. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=52&pr.y=2&sy=2008&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=644&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=
2. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=92&pr.y=15&sy=2008&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=611&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=
3. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=29&pr.y=7&sy=2008&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=643&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=
4. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html
5. J. D. Fage, Roland Oliver, Roland Anthony Oliver, The Cambridge History of Africa, (Cambridge University Press: 1977), p.190
6. George Wynn Brereton Huntingford, Agatharchides, The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: With Some Extracts from Agatharkhidēs "On the Erythraean Sea", (Hakluyt Society: 1980), p.83
7. John I. Saeed, Somali – Volume 10 of London Oriental and African language library, (J. Benjamins: 1999), p. 250.
8. Robert Stock, Africa South of the Sahara, Second Edition: A Geographical Interpretation, (The Guilford Press: 2004), p. 26
9. Michael Hodd, East Africa Handbook, 7th Edition, (Passport Books: 2002), p. 21: "To the north are the countries of the Horn of Africa comprising Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti and Somalia."
10. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc, Jacob E. Safra, The New Encyclopædia Britannica, (Encyclopædia Britannica: 2002), p.61: "The northern mountainous area, known as the Horn of Africa, comprises Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Somalia."
11. Sandra Fullerton Joireman, Institutional Change in the Horn of Africa, (Universal-Publishers: 1997), p.1: "The Horn of Africa encompasses the countries of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti and Somalia. These countries share similar peoples, languages, and geographical endowments."

Rujukan

• Beshah, Girma; Aregay, Merid Wolde (1964). The Question of the Union of the Churches in Luso-Ethiopian Relations (1500–1632). Lisbon: Junta de Investigações do Ultramar and Centro de Estudos Históricos Ultramarinos.
• Negash, Tekeste (2005). Eritrea and Ethiopia: the Federal Experience. Uppsala, Sweden: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet.
• Shillington, Kevin (2005). Encyclopedia of African History. CRC Press.

Pautan luar

Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Tanduk Afrika

• History of the Horn of Africa
• Horn of Africa News Agency
• WWF- Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets
• Horn of Africa Biodiversity Hotspot
• African Wild Dog Conservancy's Biodiversity Hotspots Page
• CIA World Factbook: Djibouti
• CIA World Factbook: Eritrea
• CIA World Factbook: Ethiopia
• CIA World Factbook: Somalia
• A 'Child Alert' issued by UNICEF for the Horn of Africa Diarkibkan 2018-12-15 di Wayback Machine
• Yemen Horn of Africa Link Diarkibkan 2009-07-13 di Portuguese Web Archive
• Horn of Africa Concerns from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
• Combined Joint Task Force - Horn of Africa official website Diarkibkan 2006-12-08 di Wayback Machine
• CFR.org Interactive Map: Horn of Africa Diarkibkan 2009-02-05 di Wayback Machine