Empire Kushan (sekitar. abad ke 1–abad ke 3) merupakan negara yang pada kemuncak kegemilangannya, sekitar 105–250, terbentang dari Tajikistan sehingga Laut Caspian ke Afghanistan dan kebawah sehingga lembah sungai Ganges di India utara. Empayar ini dicipta oleh puak Kushan dari Yuezhi, penduduk dari Xinjiang moden, China, kemungkinannya berkait dengan Tocharians. Mereka mempunyai hubungan diplomatil dengan Rom, Sassanian Empayar Persia dan China, dan untuk beberapa abad merupakan pusat pertukaran antara Timur dan Barat.
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