John McCarthy (ahli sains komputer)

John McCarthy (4 September 1927 – 24 Oktober 2011) merupakan ahli sains komputer dan ahli sains kognitif Amerika Syarikat. McCarthy merupakan salah satu pengasas disiplin kecerdasan buatan.^[1] Beliau mengarang bersama dokumen yang mencipta istilah "kecerdasan buatan" (AI), membangun keluarga bahasa pengaturcaraan Lisp, nyata sekali mempengaruhi reka bentuk bahasa pengaturcaraan ALGOL, mempopularkan perkongsian masa, mencipta pengutipan sampah, dan sangat berpengaruh dalam awal pembangunan AI.

John McCarthy
John McCarthy di persidangan pada 2006
Kelahiran	(1927-09-04)4 September 1927 Boston, Massachusetts, A.S.
Meninggal dunia	24 Oktober 2011(2011-10-24) (umur 84) Stanford, California, A.S.
Pusat pendidikan	Universiti Princeton, Institut Teknologi California
Terkenal kerana	Kecerdasan buatan, Lisp, penerapan lilit, kalkulus keadaan
Anugerah	Anugerah Turing (1971) Anugerah Perintis Komputer (1985) Anugerah IJCAI Award untuk Kecemerlangan Penyelidikan (1985) Hadiah Kyoto (1988) Pingat Sains Kebangsaan (1990) Pingat Benjamin Franklin (2003)
Kerjaya saintifik
Bidang	Sains komputer
Institusi	Universiti Stanford, Institut Teknologi Massachusetts, Kolej Dartmouth, Universiti Princeton
Penasihat kedoktoran	Solomon Lefschetz
Pelajar kedoktoran	Ruzena Bajcsy Ramanathan V. Guha Barbara Liskov Raj Reddy

McCarthy menghabiskan kebanyakan kerjayanya di Universiti Stanford.^[2] Beliau menerima banyak sanjungan dan kehormat, seperti Anugerah Turing 1971 atas sumbangannya kepada topik AI,^[3] Pingat Sains Kebangsaan Amerika Syarikat, dan Hadiah Kyoto.

Penerbitan utama

• McCarthy, J. 1959. "Programs with Common Sense" di Wayback Machine (diarkibkan Oktober 4, 2013). In Proceedings of the Teddington Conference on the Mechanization of Thought Processes, 756-91. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
• McCarthy, J. 1960. "Recursive functions of symbolic expressions and their computation by machine" di Wayback Machine (diarkibkan Oktober 4, 2013). Communications of the ACM 3(4):184-195.
• McCarthy, J. 1963a "A basis for a mathematical theory of computation". In Computer Programming and formal systems. North-Holland.
• McCarthy, J. 1963b. Situations, actions, and causal laws. Technical report, Stanford University.
• McCarthy, J., and Hayes, P. J. 1969. Some philosophical problems from the standpoint of artificial intelligence di Wayback Machine (diarkibkan Ogos 25, 2013). In Meltzer, B., and Michie, D., eds., Machine Intelligence 4. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 463-502.
• McCarthy, J. 1977. "Epistemological problems of artificial intelligence". In IJCAI, 1038-1044.
• McCarthy, J (1980). "Circumscription: A form of non-monotonic reasoning". Artificial Intelligence. 13 (1–2): 23–79. doi:10.1016/0004-3702(80)90011-9.
• McCarthy, J (1986). "Applications of circumscription to common sense reasoning". Artificial Intelligence. 28 (1): 89–116. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.29.5268. doi:10.1016/0004-3702(86)90032-9.
• McCarthy, J. 1990. "Generality in artificial intelligence". In Lifschitz, V., ed., Formalizing Common Sense. Ablex. 226-236.
• McCarthy, J. 1993. "Notes on formalizing context". In IJCAI, 555-562.
• McCarthy, J., and Buvac, S. 1997. "Formalizing context: Expanded notes". In Aliseda, A.; van Glabbeek, R.; and Westerstahl, D., eds., Computing Natural Language. Stanford University. Also available as Stanford Technical Note STAN-CS-TN-94-13.
• McCarthy, J. 1998. "Elaboration tolerance". In Working Papers of the Fourth International Symposium on Logical formalizations of Commonsense Reasoning, Commonsense-1998.
• Costello, T., and McCarthy, J. 1999. "Useful counterfactuals". Electronic Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 3(A):51-76
• McCarthy, J. 2002. "Actions and other events in situation calculus". In Fensel, D.; Giunchiglia, F.; McGuinness, D.; and Williams, M., eds., Proceedings of KR-2002, 615-628.

Lihat juga

• Portal Biografi

• Christopher Strachey, memfailkan paten untuk perkongsian masa pada awal 1959
• Cornucopian
• Masalah rangka
• Senarai perintis dalam sains komputer
• Kotok-McCarthy
• 91 fungsi McCarthy
• Formalisme McCarthy
• Watson (komputer)

Rujukan

1. Conversations On the Leading Edge of Knowledge and Discovery, with Jeffrey Mishlove
2. McCarthy, John. "Professor John McCarthy". jmc.stanford.edu.
3. "John McCarthy – A.M. Turing Award Laureate". amturing.acm.org (dalam bahasa Inggeris).

Bacaan lanjut

• Philip J. Hilts, Scientific Temperaments: Three Lives in Contemporary Science, Simon and Schuster, 1982. Lengthy profiles of John McCarthy, physicist Robert R. Wilson and geneticist Mark Ptashne.
• Pamela McCorduck, Machines Who Think: a personal inquiry into the history and prospects of artificial intelligence, 1979, second edition 2004.
• Pamela Weintraub, ed., The Omni Interviews, New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1984. Collected interviews originally published in Omni magazine; contains an interview with McCarthy.

Pautan luar

Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan John McCarthy

Wikipetik mempunyai koleksi petikan mengenai: John McCarthy

• McCarthy's Stanford home page di Wayback Machine (diarkibkan Oktober 11, 2013).
• Templat:DBLP
• John McCarthy di Mathematics Genealogy Project
• Templat:AIGenealogy
• Celebration of John McCarthy's Accomplishments at Stanford University.
• Interview with Guy Steele conducted at OOPSLA 2008; Set of interviews:
• Oral history interview with John McCarthy at Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. McCarthy discusses his role in the development of time-sharing at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He also describes his work in artificial intelligence (AI) funded by the Advanced Research Projects Agency, including logic-based AI (Lisp) and robotics.
• Oral history interview with Marvin Minsky at Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Minsky describes artificial intelligence (AI) research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), including the work of John McCarthy.
• Oral history interview with Jack B. Dennis at Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Dennis discusses the work of John McCarthy on time-sharing, and the influence of DARPA's Information Processing Techniques Office on the development of time-sharing.
• Oral history interview with Fernando J. Corbató at Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Corbató discusses computer science research, especially time-sharing, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), including John McCarthy and research on time-sharing.
• John McCarthy di Find a Grave
• National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir

Didahului oleh Lucy Suchman	Pingat Benjamin Franklin dalam Sains Komputer dan Kognitif 2003	Diikuti oleh: Richard M. Karp

Templat:John McCarthy navbox Templat:Lisp programming language Templat:ALGOL programming Templat:Turing Award laureates Templat:National Medal of Science