Beringia

Jambatan darat Bering ialah sebatang jambatan darat yang berukuran kira-kira 1,000 batu (1,600 km) dari utara ke selatan, dan pernah menyambungkan Alaska dan Siberia timur ketika zaman ais Pleistosen. Jambatan darat ini tidak berglasier kerana saljinya teramat ringan kesan angin barat daya dari Lautan Pasifik kehilangan kelembapannya melalui Banjaran Alaska yang berglasier sepenuhnya. Padang rumput steppenya, termasuk sekali jambatan darat ini, yang meliputi beratus-ratus batu ke dalam kedua-dua benua dipanggil Beringia. Adalah dipercayai bahawa sebuah penempatan sekecil beberapa ribu manusia berjaya meredah Maksimum Glasier Terakhir di Beringia, terpisah jauh dari penempatan nenek moyangnya di Asia selama sekurang-kurangya 5,000 tahun, sebelum berkembang hingga ke Amerika lebih kurang selepas 16,500 tahun dahulu, ketika leburnya glasier-glasier Amerika yang menyekat laluan ke arah selatan.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

[1]
Goebel, Ted (2008). "The Late Pleistocene Dispersal of Modern Humans in the Americas". Science. 319 (5869): 1497–1502. doi:10.1126/science.1153569. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (bantuan); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (bantuan)
[2]
Fagundes, Nelson J. R. (2008). "Mitochondrial Population Genomics Supports a Single Pre-Clovis Origin with a Coastal Route for the Peopling of the Americas". American Journal of Human Genetics. 82 (3): 583–592. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.013. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (bantuan); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (bantuan)
[3]
Tamm, Erika (2007). "Beringian Standstill and Spread of Native American Founders". PLoS ONE. 2 (9): e829. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000829. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (bantuan); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (bantuan)
[4]
Achilli, A. (2008). "The Phylogeny of the Four Pan-American MtDNA Haplogroups: Implications for Evolutionary and Disease Studies". PLoS ONE. 3 (3): e1764. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001764. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (bantuan); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (bantuan)

[Goebel_2008-1] [1]
Goebel, Ted (2008). "The Late Pleistocene Dispersal of Modern Humans in the Americas". Science. 319 (5869): 1497–1502. doi:10.1126/science.1153569. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (bantuan); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (bantuan)

[Fagundes_2008-2] [2]
Fagundes, Nelson J. R. (2008). "Mitochondrial Population Genomics Supports a Single Pre-Clovis Origin with a Coastal Route for the Peopling of the Americas". American Journal of Human Genetics. 82 (3): 583–592. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.013. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (bantuan); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (bantuan)

[Tamm_2007-3] [3]
Tamm, Erika (2007). "Beringian Standstill and Spread of Native American Founders". PLoS ONE. 2 (9): e829. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000829. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (bantuan); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (bantuan)

[4] [4]
Achilli, A. (2008). "The Phylogeny of the Four Pan-American MtDNA Haplogroups: Implications for Evolutionary and Disease Studies". PLoS ONE. 3 (3): e1764. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001764. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (bantuan); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (bantuan)

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[2]

[3]

[4]

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