Kambing gurun dengan berkesan dileperkan oleh lawan penggelapan, menjadikannya hampir halimunan dengan latar belakang gurun. Ada tiga ekor dalam imej ini.Fotograf kajian lawan penggelapan yang dijalankan oleh artis Abbott Handerson Thayer, yang menjadi obses kerana idea salah bahawa semua haiwan berlawan penggelapan.[1] Model di kiri biasanya berpenyamaran dan terlihat, sementara satu lagi di kanan berlawan penggelapan dan tidak terlihat.[2]
Lawan penggelapan atau Peraturan Thayer ialah satu bentuk penyamaranhaiwan daripada rupa badannya yang berwarna gelap di bahagian atas dan warna terang di bahagian bawahnya.[3] Kaedah ini ditemukan pada banyak spesies mamalia, reptilia, burung, ikan, dan serangga.
Synodontis nigriventris, ikan duri "terbalik" (dengan lawan penggelapan balik)
Argo, Emily (21 April 2017). "Countershading". Fishionary. Persatuan Perikanan Amerika Syarikat. Dicapai pada 17 Disember 2022.
Bacaan perintis
Beddard, F. E. (1892). Animal coloration; an account of the principal facts and theories relating to the colours and markings of animals. Swan Sonnenschein.
Cott, Hugh B. (1940). Adaptive Coloration in Animals. Oxford University Press.
Thayer, Gerald H. (1909). Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom. An Exposition of the Laws of Disguise Through Color and Pattern: Being a Summary of Abbott H. Thayer's Discoveries. Macmillan.
Wallace, A.R. (1889). Darwinism. An exposition of the theory of natural selection with some of its applications. Macmillan.
Bacaan umum
Behrens, Roy R (2009). Goldstein, E Bruce (penyunting). Encyclopedia of Perception, Volume 1. Sage. m/s.233–235.
Edmunds, Malcolm (2008). "Deimatic Behavior". Dalam Capinera, John L (penyunting). Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer.
Forbes, Peter (2009). Dazzled and Deceived: Mimicry and Camouflage. Yale.
Rowland, Hannah M (2011). "The history, theory and evidence for a cryptic function of countershading". Dalam Stevens, Martin; Merilaita, Sami (penyunting). Animal Camouflage: Mechanisms and Function. Cambridge University Press.CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
Ruxton, Graeme D; Sherratt, Tom N; Speed, Michael P (2004). "3. Countershading and counterillumination". Avoiding Attack: The Evolutionary Ecology of Crypsis, Warning Signals and Mimicry. Oxford University Press.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Edmunds, M; Dewhirst, RA (1994). "The survival value of countershading with wild birds as predators". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 51 (4): 447–452.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Elias, Ann (2011). "Camouflage Australia: Art, Nature, Science and War". Sydney University Press. m/s.47–53.Missing or empty |url= (bantuan); |access-date= requires |url= (bantuan)
Hershberger, W (1970). "Attached-shadow orientation perceived as depth by chickens reared in an environment illuminated from below". J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 73: 407–411.
Poulton, Edward B. (1887). "Notes in 1886 upon Lepidopterous Larvae, etc". Transactions of the Entomological Society of London: 294.Unknown parameter |month= ignored (bantuan)
Poulton, Edward B (1888). "Notes in 1887 upon Lepidopterous Larvae, etc". Transactions of the Entomological Society of London: 595–596.Unknown parameter |month= ignored (bantuan)
Speed, MP; Kelly, David J; Davidson, AM; G.D. Ruxton (2005). "Countershading enhances crypsis with some bird species but not others". Behavioral Ecology. 16 (2): 327–334.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Tankus, Ariel; Yeshurun, Yehezkel. "Convexity-based Camouflage Breaking"(PDF). Tel Aviv University. m/s.1–4. Dicapai pada 19 Januari 2013.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
