Ny tovona dia hasin-teny anisan' ny sokajin' ny tsirinteny izay fametraka eo alohan' ny fototeny. Ahazoana sampan-teny na manova ny hevitra ara-pitsipiteny ny fanasiana tovona amin' ny teny iray. Mety mampisy fiovana kely ny endriky ny fototeny na ny tovona, na izy roa, ny fanakambanana azy roa ireo.
Tovona ao amin' ny fiteny aostrôneziana
Tovona ao amin' ny fiteny malagasy
Indreto ny ohatra amin' ny tovona ao amin' ny fiteny malagasy: a- (ohatra: atoraka), m- (ohatra: mody), mi- (ohatra: mioitra), man- (ohatra: mandeha), mana- (ohatra: manatsara), mian- (ohatra: mianala), voa- (ohatra: voahitsaka), tafa- (ohatra: tafavoaka), faha- (ohatra: fahafolo), ampaha- (ohatra: ampahafolo), ha- (ohatra: hamafy), maha- (ohatra: mahatorana), manka- (ohatra: mankarary).
Mety mampisy fiovana kely ny endriky ny fototeny na ny tovona, na izy roa, ny fanakambanana azy roa ireo. Ohatra: man-hetaheta ᐳ mangetaheta; man-leha ᐳ mandeha; man-zavona ᐳ manjavona.
Tovona ao amin' ny fiteny indô-eorôpeana
Tovona fahita ao amin' ny fiteny eorôpeana
Ao amin' ny fiteny ao Eorôpa dia miankina amin' ny fomba famaritan' ny olona ny maha tovona na tsia ny hasin-teny iray. Inty ny lisitry ny tovana fahita matetika: a- ("tsy"), acro- ("ambony"), allo- ("hafa"), alter- ("hafa"), ante- ("aloha"), anti- ("manohitra"), auto- ("hoazy"), bi- ("roa"), co- ("miaraka"), cis- ("samy amin' ny ilany iray"), contra- ("ambany", "manihitra"), de- ("manohitra", "manaisotra"), di- ("roa"), dis- ("manohitra", "manaisotra"), dys- ("manohitra", "ratsy"), epi- ("ambony", "manampy"), extra- ("mihoatra"), hemi- ("antsasany"), hexa- ("enina"), hyper- ("mihoatra"), hypo- ("an-tsisiny", "tsy ampy", "ambany"), ig- ("tsy"), il- ("tsy"), im- ("tsy"), in- ("tsy"), infra- ("ambany"), inter- ("anelanelany"), intra- ("anatiny"), ir- ("tsy"), macro- ("lehibe"), mal- ("ratsy"), maxi- ("lehibe indrindra"), meso- ("afovoany"), meta- ("hafa"), micro- ("bitika"), mid- ("afovoany"), mini- ("kely"), mono- ("tokana"), multi- ("maro"), non- ("tsy", "tsia"), octo- ("valo"), pan- ("rehetra", "manontolo"), para- ("antsisiny", "ankoatra", "miova", "mifandray"), penta- ("dimy"), per- ("maninteraka"), peri- ("manodidina"), poly- ("maro"), post- ("aoriana"), pre- ("aloha", "vonona"), pro- ("mikasika", "momba", "mpomba", "amin' ny anarana' ny"), proto- ("voalohany", "ntaolo", "mpialoha lalana"), pseudo- ("tsy izy", "diso"), quadri- ("efatra"), quasi- ("saika", "sahalahala"), re- ("miverina", "indray"), semi- ("antsasany"), "ampahany", "sahalahala"), sub- ("ambany"), super- ("ambony", "mihoatra", "lehibe"), supra- ("ambony"), tetra- ("efatra"), trans- ("miampita", "mampifandray"), tri- ("telo"), ultra- ("mihoatra", "ankoatra", "fara tampony"), xeno- ("vahiny", "avy ivelany").
Tovona ao amin' ny fiteny anglisy
Ireto ny tovona ao amin' ny fiteny anglisy manokana: counter- ("manohitra"), down- ("midina", "mampihena"), fore- ("aloha"), mis- ("ratsy"), over- ("tafahoatra", "fara tampony"), self- ("hoazy"), un- ("tsy", "manaisotra", "manohitra"), under- ("ambany", "tsy ampy"), up- ("ambony", "mitombo").
Tovona ao amin' ny fiteny alemàna
Amin' ny fiteny alemàna dia azo sokajiana ho roa ny sampanteny miforona amin' ny alalan' ny tovona: ny tovona ampiasaina miaraka amin' ny anarana sy mpamari-toetra, ary ny tovona ampiasaina amin' ny matoanteny. Ho an' ny sampanteny anarana sy mpamari-toetra, tovona mamokatra roa ihany no azo ampiana amin' ny anarana na mpamari-toetra: un-, izay maneho ny fandàvana (toy ny amin' ny hoe ungesund, avy amin' ny teny hoe gesund), ary ur-, izay midika hoe "voalohany" na "nivoaka voalohany" amin' ny anarana, ary manana fiasa manantitra amin' ny mpamari-toetra. Ny ge- kosa dia maneho firaisana na fiarahana, fa ao anatin' ny vondron-teny mihidy ihany — tsy azo ampiana amin' ny anarana na mpamari-toetra fotsiny.
Ny tovona fanao amin' ny matoantety fampiasa matetika dia be-, ent-, er-, ge-, miss-, ver-, ary zer-. Ny be- midika fanamafisana na famaoham-be, ent- maneho fandavana. Ny ge- maneho ny fahafenoan' ny asa, ka izany no mahatonga azy ampiasaina amin' ny endriky ny ova-matoanteny lasa (frantsay: participe passé). Ny ver- dia manamafy, na ampiasaina hamadihana ny anarana na ny mpamari-toetra ho matoanteny. Amin' ny toe-javatra sasany, ny tovona ent- (fandavana) dia azo heverina ho mifanohitra amin' ny tovona be-, fa ny er- kosa dia azo raisina ho mifanohitra amin' ny ver-.
Ny tovona er- dia matetika manondro ny fahavitan' ny asa iray, ary indraindray ny famaranana dia midika ho fahafatesana. Miaraka amin' ny matoanteny vitsy kokoa ity tovona ity izay manondro ny fiandohan' ny asa. Ny tovona er- dia manova ny mpamari-toetra ho matoanteny (ohatra: ny hoe erkalten dia mitovy hevitra amin' ny hoe kalt werden izay midika hoe "manomboka mangatsiaka").
Jereo koa
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