munnabyabufuzi wa Uganda From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sir Edward Frederick William David Walugembe Mutebi Luwangula Mutesa II (Ennukutawaza empya: Muteesa) KBE (19 Museenene 1924 – 21 Museenene 1969) yali Kabaka wa Buganda mu Uganda okuva nga 22 Museenene (November) wa 1939 okutuusa lwe yaggya omukono mu ngabo (lwe yafa). Ye yali Kabaka wa Buganda owa 35[1] eya ye Pulezidenti wa Uganda eyasooka.[2] Amawulire g'ebweru gaali gaamukazaako era King Freddie, naye nga teryakozesebwa nnyo mu Yuganda.[3][4]
Mutesa yaziiribwa mu nnyumba ya Albert Ruskin Cook e Makindye, Kampala, nga 19 Museenene (November) 1924, nga ye mutabani wa Ssekabaka Daudi Cwa II, who eyafuga wakati wa 1897 ne 1939.[5] Nnyina ye ali Nnaabakyala Irene Drusilla Namaganda, eyeddira Ente. Yasomera ku King's College Budo, essomero ery'abaana b'abakungu mu Uganda.
Kitaawe bwe yakisiza omukono (yafa) nga 22 (Museenene) November 1939, Mutesa yalondebwa Olukiiko lwa Buganda okufuuka Kabaka nga wa myaka 15 era n'atuuzibwa ku Nnamulondo nga 25 November 1939 mu Lubiri e Mengo .[6] Yafuga ng'ayambibwako olukiiko olw'enjawulo (Council of Regents) okutuusa lwe yaweza emyaka egy'okwetengerera olwo n'akwasibwa obuyinza bwonna mu bujjuvu.
Yasomera mu King's College Budo nga tannagenda Bungereza okumaliriza emisomo gye e Magdalene College, Cambridge, gye yeeyungira mu kutendekebwa mu buserikale ku Yunivasite (University Officer Training Corps) era oluvannyuma yaweebwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa kapiteeni mu maagye ga Kkwini (captain in the Grenadier Guards.[7]
Mutesa II yatuuzibwa nga Kabaka e Buddo nga 19 Museenene (November) 1942, ng'awezezza emyaka 18 eg'obuto. Mu kiseera kino, Buganda yali ekyali wansi wa Gavumenti enkuumi ey'Abangereza.
Emyaka egyaddirira wakati wa 1945 ne 1950 gyajjula obusambattuko n'obwegugungo eri Gavumenti ya Uganda Enkuumi eyali ekulemberwa Gavana ate n'eya Kabaka Mutesa II.
Mu myaka gy'ataano egyasooka, Gavumenti ya Bungereza yaleeta ekirowoozo ky'okugatta amatwale agaali wansi wa Bungereza mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika (Yuganda, Kenya ne Tanganyika) gabeere wansi wa gavumenti emu ey'awamu. Abafirika bangi baatya nti kino kyali kigendereddwamu okubateeka wansi w'obufuzi bwa Bakyeruppe abaali basenze mu Kenya nga bwe kyakolebwa mu Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Abaganda baatya okufiirwa obwakyetwala bwe Buganda obusaamusaamu waakiri bwe baalina nga bali wansi wa Gavumenti Enkuumi era tebakkaanya na nteekateeka eno. Mutesa mwennyini yawakanya enteekateeka eno era kyamuviirako okukuubagana ne Gavana, Sir Andrew Cohen, ekyavaako akasambattuko mu Bwakabaka akaatuumibwa Kabaka crisis.Mu 1953, Olukiiko (Palamenti ya Buganda) yasaba okwetongola ng'eva ku Gavumenti enkuumi (Uganda Protectorate), nga ne Mutesa mwennyini yabanja nti kye kyali ekiseera Buganda okwekutula ku Gavumenti enkuumi eya Uganda olwo Buganda esigale wansi wa Gavumenti ya Kkwini ey'awamu. Gavana Cohen mu kwanukula yasalawo kuwaŋŋangusa Kabaka nga 30 Museenene (November) ekyavaako obusambattuko bw'okwegugunga mu Baganda.[8] Okuggyibwa mu ggwanga lye olw'empaka kyafuula Mutesa omuzira eri Abaganda era beekalakaasa okulaga obutali bumativu bwabwe. Mu kiseera kino, Cohen yali takyalina Muganda yenna gwe yali ayinza kukolagana naye okuddukanya Gavumenti ye. Oluvannyuma lw'emyaka ebiri ngAbaganda basuza Cohen ng'akukunadde, yasalawo okuzza 'Kabaka Freddie', nga bwe yali ayitibwa Abangereza n'azzibwa e Kampala] nga 17 Ogwekkumi (October) 1955 oluvannyuma lw'okukola endagaano eyafuula Muteesa Kabaka afugira ku konsitityusoni ne kiwa n'Abaganda ebbeetu okwerondera abakungu abakiika mu Palamenti ya Buganda (Olukiiko.) Oluvannyuma lwa Mutesa okuvaayo n'atabukira Cohen kyamwongera ettutumu mu Bwakabaka bwe.[9]
Mu 1962, Yuganda yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bungereza ng'ekulemberwa Milton Obote. Mu konsitityusoni eno eyaweebwa Uganda, Obwakabaka bwa Buganda bwaweebwa embeera ey'enjawulo ey'obwetwaze mu Uganda empya. Ssaabaminisita wa Uganda ey'awamu yali Obote, eyali akulira ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya Uganda People's Congress (UPC), abaayingira omukago ogw'okukulemberera awamu n'ekibiina ekyali kisinga amaanyi mu masekkati ga Uganda ekya, Kabaka Yekka. Ekifo kya Gavana wa Uganda (Governor-General of Uganda) kyaggyibwawo kubangga Uganda yali efuuse 'Republic' ne kisikizibwa Pulezidenti ataalina nnyo buyinza.
Obote ne UPC baatuuka ku nzikiriziganya ne Mutesa okuwagira okulondebwa kwe ku kifo ky'Obwapulezidenti bwa Uganda. Mu lutuula lwa Palamenti nga 4 Ogwekkumi (October) 1963, Mutesa yalondebwa nga Pulezidenti wa Uganda eyasooka okuyita mu kalulu ak'ekyama ng'awagirwa abakiise ebitundu bibiri byakusatu.[10]
Mu 1964, Omukago guno wakati wa Mutesa ne Obote gwagwa butaka olw'okulonda okwateekebwateekebwa Obote nga Mutesa takyagadde ku Masaza abiri agaabula (referendum to decide the fate of two "lost counties"). Abatuuze mu masaza gano gombi abasinga obungi bassa kimu nga nkuyege okugazzaayo e Bunyoro nga gaggyibwa ku Buganda. Mu 1966, obukuubagano bwa Mutesa ne Obote bweyongera ne buvaamu Okuwaŋŋangusa Kabaka Mutesa (another crisis). Obulamu bwa Obote bwali mu matigga nga ne bammemba b'ekibiina kye baagezaako okumuggya mu ntebe. Yakwata era n'aggalira banne bana be yali akulembera nabo, n'aggyawo consitityusoni eyaliwo era ne yeerangirira ku Bwapulezidenti bwa Uganda mu February wa 1966, era n'awaŋŋangusa Mutesa. Olukiiko lwa Buganda mu May wa 1966 lwayisa ekiteeso nti enkolagana wakati wa Buganda ne Gavumenti ya Uganda yali eweddewo oluvannyuma lw'okuggyawo consitityusoni era ne lulangirira nti Gavumenti ya Uganda eggye ofiisi yaazo mu bitundu bya Buganda. Kino Obote yakyanukuza na kusindika magye ne galumba olubiri lwa Kabaka, ekyaleetera Mutesa okudduka mu ggwanga n'addukira e Bungereza ng'ayita e Burundi, era mu 1967 konsitityusoni empya yalangirirwa n'ewera Obufuzi obw'ensikirano bwonna omuli n'Obwakabaka bwa Buganda.[11]
Mutesa bwe yali mu buwaŋŋanguse yawandiika ekitabo ekimukwatako kye yatuuma, The Desecration of My Kingdom.[12]
Mutesa yakisa omukono bwe yaweebwa obutwa mu mwenge ku kalina kwe yabeeranga mu kibuga London, No. 28 Orchard House eRotherhithe, mu 1969.[13] . Okufa kwa muteesa abamu baakuteeka ku batume ba Obote bwe baali akabwa n'engo. Munnamawulire Omungereza John Simpson yali yaakamala okuwayaamu ne Mutesa mu ssaawa ntono emabega era yagamba nti Mutesa yali mu mbeera nnungi. Bino Simpson yabibuulira poliisi enkeera kyokka tebaagenda nnyo mu maaso nakyo.
Oluvannyuma lwa Desmond Henley, okutereka enjole ya Mutesa okumala ebbanga [14], enjole yazzibwa mu Uganda mu 1971 oluvannyuma lwa Amin okuggyako Gavumenti ya Obote n'eterekebwa (n'eziikibwa) e Kasubi Nabulagala.[15] . Idi Amin, pulezidenti omuggya eyalagira okuzza Mutesa aziikibwe okwaboobo ye yali yakulira amagye agaalumba olubiri lwa Mutesa mu 1966. Kigambibwa nti Mutesa we yabeerera mu kibuga London yawangaaliranga mu bwavu.[13]
"Embeera y'obulamu bwaffe ekyuse - etumbuddwa mu bulamu obwa bulijjo olw'okujja kw'Abangereza kyokka bye tukkiririzaamu n'obulamu bwaffe tebikyuse … Era tusigadde tuli Baganda."[16]
"Obulamu bwa Mutesa II lugero lwa buntu - Omu ku bavubuka embulakalevu era Kabaka Omufirika one of a young and ambitious African monarch who struggled to defend the heritage of his forefathers and emancipate his people from the clutches of a powerful imperial authority."
"... many will say that he was ill-advised to put the Illusions of a bygone tribal glory against the claims of a modern African state; but no one can question the devotion with which he spent himself for his people and their well-being."
Mutesa yakuba enkanamu (yawasa) Nnaabagereka Damali mu 1948. Kigambibwa nti yamuzaalamu abaana abawera n'azaala ne mu bakyala abalala abali eyo mu 12:
Mutesa agambibwa okuleka abalangira 12 n'abambejja 9:[18]
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