Colias est genus papilionum subfamiliae Coliadinarum familiae Pieridarum , in America endemicus . Genus artissime cognatum est Zerene ,[2] quod aliquando in Coliadem digeritur. Hoc genus per Oecozonam Holarcticam invenitur, inter quam regiones arcticae . Singuli etiam in Africa , Sinis , et India habitant .
Venatio alae
Synonyma
*
Eurymus Horsfield, [1829]
Ganura Zetterstedt, [1839]
Scalidoneura Butler, 1871
Eriocolias Watson, 1895
Coliastes Hemming, 1931
Protocolias Petersen, 1963
Mesocolias Petersen, 1963
Neocolias Berger, 1986
Palaeocolias Berger, 1986
Eucolias Berger, 1986
Similicolias Berger, 1986
Paracolias Berger, 1986
Larvae quibusdam Fabaceis , exempli gratia Viciis , vescuntur . Aliae species hominibus sunt utiles quia herbas inutiles destruunt; aliae aliquando sunt molestae quia Medicaginis sativae et aliarum frugum pestes fiunt. In nonnullis speciebus, alis marum est clarissima repercutio lucis ultraviolet ? , cum alis feminarum non est.[3] [2]
Plurimae huius generis species, ut in plurimis Coliadinis, venena vel alias compositas noxias ex plantis acceptas intra eorum corpora non habent. Eae ergo sunt gratiosa insectivororum praeda, contra species generis Pieridis subfamiliae cognatae Pierinarum , quibus sunt agiliores et praedatores melius defugere possunt.[4]
Notabiles lepidopterologistae qui multas huius generis investigationes facerunt sunt J. Malcolm Fawcett , Georgius B. Johnson , et Henricus Rowland-Brown .
Colias myrmidone
Colias phicomone
Generi sunt nonaginta-duae species , ordine alphabetico hic perscriptae.[5]
Colias adelaidae Verhulst, 1991
Colias aegidii Verhulst, 1990
Colias aias Fruhstorfer, 1903
Colias alexandra W. H. Edwards, 1863
Colias alfacariensis Ribbe, 1905
Colias alpherakii Staudinger, 1882
Colias alta Staudinger, 1886
Colias aquilonaris Grum-Grshimailo, 1899
Colias arida Alphéraky, 1889
Colias audre (Hemming, 1933)
Colias aurorina Herrich-Schäffer, 1850
Colias baeckeri Kotzsch, 1930
Colias balcanica Rebel, 1901
Colias behrii W. H. Edwards, 1866
Colias berylla Fawcett, 1904
Colias boothi Curtis, 1835
Colias canadensis Ferris, 1982
Colias caucasica Staudinger, 1871
Colias chippewa W. H. Edwards, 1872
Colias chlorocoma Christoph, 1888
Colias christina W. H. Edwards, 1863
Colias christophi Grum-Grshimailo, 1885
Colias chrysotheme (Esper, 1781)
Colias cocandica Erschoff, 1874
Colias croceus (Geoffroy, 1785)
Colias dimera Doubleday, 1847
Colias diva Grum-Grshimailo, 1891
Colias dubia Fawcett, 1906
Colias electo (Linnaeus, 1763)
Colias elis Strecker, 1885 (saepe C. meadii )
Colias eogene C. & R. Felder, 1865
Colias erate (Esper, 1805)
Colias erschoffi Alphéraky, 1881
Colias eurytheme Boisduval, 1852
Colias euxanthe C. & R. Felder, 1865
Colias felderi Grum-Grshimailo, 1891
Colias fieldii Ménétriés, 1855 (aliquando in C. electo "fieldi" est lapsus)
Colias flaveola Blanchard, 1852
Colias gigantea Strecker, 1900
Colias grumi Alpheraky
Colias harfordii W. H. Edwards, 1877
Colias hecla Lefèbvre, 1836 (paraphyletic ?)
Colias heos (Herbst, 1792)
Colias hofmannorum Eckweiler, 2000
Colias hyale (Linnaeus, 1758)
Colias hyperborea Grum-Grshimailo, 1899
Colias interior Scudder, 1862
Colias johanseni Troubridge & Philip, 1990
Colias krauthii Klots, 1935
Colias lada Grum-Grshimailo, 1891
Colias ladakensis Felder & Felder, 1865
Colias leechi Grum-Grshimailio, 1893
Colias lesbia (Fabricius, 1775)
Colias libanotica Lederer, 1858 (aliquando in C. aurorina )
Colias marcopolo Grum-Grshimailo, 1888
Colias marnoana Rogenhofer, 1884
Colias meadii W. H. Edwards, 1871
Colias minisni Bean, 1895
Colias montium Oberthür, 1886
Colias mukana Berger, 1981
Colias myrmidone (Esper, 1781)
Colias nastes Boisduval, 1834
Colias nebulosa Oberthür, 1894
Colias nilagiriensis Felder, C & R Felder, 1859
Colias nina Fawcett, 1904
Colias occidentalis Scudder, 1862
Colias palaeno (Linnaeus, 1761)
Colias pelidne Boisduval & Le Conte, 1829
Colias phicomone (Esper, 1780)
Colias philodice Godart, 1819
Colias poliographus Motschulsky, 1861
Colias ponteni Wallengren, 1860
Colias pseudochristina Ferris, 1989
Colias regia Grum-Grshimailo, 1887
Colias romanovi Grum-Grshimailo, 1885
Colias sagartia Lederer, 1869
Colias sareptensis Staudinger, 1871
Colias scudderii Reakirt, 1865
Colias shahfuladi Clench & Shoumatoff, 1956
Colias sieversi Grum-Grshimailo, 1887
Colias sifanica Grum-Grshimailo, 1891
Colias staudingeri Alphéraky, 1881
Colias stoliczkana Moore, 1882
Colias tamerlana Staudinger, 1897
Colias thisoa Ménétriés, 1832
Colias thrasibulus Fruhstorfer, 1908
Colias thula Hovanitz, 1955
Colias tibetana Riley, 1922
Colias tyche (Böber, 1812)
Colias viluiensis (Ménétriés, 1859)
Colias wanda Grum-Grshimaïlo, 1907
Colias wiskotti Staudinger, 1882
Colias aurorina heldreichi , ♂
Colias christophi , ♂
Colias croceus , ♂
Colias croceus , ♂ f.helice
Colias philodice ♀
Colias philodice ♀ f.alba
Colias philodice , ♂
Colias palaeno , ♂
Colias palaeno , ♀
Colias phicomone , ♂
Colias phicomone , ♀
Andrew V. Z. Brower (2006 ) Coliadinae , Tree of Life Web Project , 16 Novembris. M. L. Lim et D. Li (2005 ), Extreme ultraviolet sexual dimorphism in jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae), Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 89(3):397–406, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00704.x. Robert B. Srygley et Joel G. Kingsolver (1998 ) Red-wing blackbird reproductive behaviour and the palatability, flight performance, and morphology of temperate pierid butterflies (Colias , Pieris , and Pontia ), Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 64(1):41–55, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1998.tb01532.x.