Bildungsroman (pronuntiatu Theodisco [ˈbɪldʊŋs.ʁoˌmaːn])[1], in criticis litterariis est quoddam genus litterarum, quae ad psychologiam et moralitatem personae principalis a iuventute usque ad aetatem adultam spectant[2] et in quibus personarum evolutio maximi est momenti.[3]
Exempla generis litterarum "Bildungsroman" sunt mythistoriae Die Leiden des jungen Werthers et Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre a Goethe, Der grüne Heinrich a Godofredo Keller et Der Zauberberg a Thoma Mann conscriptae.
Bakhtin, 1996, p.21. Jeffers, 2005. p.2
- Abel, Elizabeth, Marianne Hirsch, Elizabeth Langland. 1983. The Voyage In: Fictions of Female Development. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England.
- Bakhtin, Mikhail. Mikhail. 1996. “The Bildungsroman and its Significance in the History of Realism.” In Speech Genres and Other Late Essays. Edited by Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist. Austin, Tex.: University of Texas Press, 10-59.
- Engel, Manfred (2008): Variants of the Romantic 'Bildungsroman' (with a Short Note on the 'Artist Novel')". In: Gerald Gillespie, Manfred Engel and Bernard Dieterle (eds.), Romantic Prose Fiction (= A Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, vol. XXIII; ed. by the International Comparative Literature Association). Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins, pp. 263–295. ISBN 978-90-272-3456-8.
- Iversen, Anniken Telnes (2009): Change and Continuity: The Bildungsroman in English. University of Tromsø, Munin.
- Jeffers, Thomas L. (2005). Apprenticeships: The Bildungsroman from Goethe to Santayana. New York: Palgrave. ISBN 1403966079
- Lynch, Jack (1999) Glossary of Literary and Rhetorical Terms, entry for bildungsroman, Rutgers University
- Summerfield, Giovanna and Downward, Lisa (2010) New Perspectives on the European Bildungsroman