1597: John Gerard, The Herball, or generall historie of plantes. Londinii: John Norton pp. 1336-1337 "the drunken date tree"
1741: Georgius Everhardus Rumphius, Herbarium Amboinense (Amstelaedami: Chanquion, 1741-1750) vol. 1 pp. 26-32, tab. 4; cf. E. D. Merrill, An Interpretation of Rumphius's Herbarium Amboinense. Manilae: Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Bureau of Science, 1917p. 123
Camille Imbault-Huart, "Le Bétel" in T'oung Pao vol. 5 (1894) pp. 311-328 TextusJSTOR
Marcello Spinella, The Psychopharmacology of Herbal Medicine: Plant Drugs That Alter Mind, Brain and Behavior. Cantabrigiae Massachusettensium: MIT Press, 2001. ISBN 0-262-69265-1
Thomas J. Zumbroich, "The origin and diffusion of betel chewing: a synthesis of evidence from South Asia, Southeast Asia and beyond" in Ejournal of Indian Medicine vol. 1 (2007/2008) pp. 87-140 Textus