펜타르키(영어:Pentarchy, 고대 그리스어:Πενταρχία, pentarchía, πέντε pénte, "five", ἄρχειν archein, "지배하다")란 동방 정교회에서 으뜸이 되는 교구들이 역사적으로 구성한 교회들이다. 동로마 제국의 황제 유스티니아누스 1세의 법에서 잘 나타난다. 기독교 교회는 다섯 총대주교들에 의해서 지배를 받는다. 이 5 총대주교의 5 교구는 로마제국의 로마, 콘스탄티노폴리스, 알렉산드리아, 안티오케이아, 예루살렘에 있는 교구들이다.[3]
“Pentarchy”. 《Encyclopædia Britannica》. 2010년 2월 14일에 확인함. The proposed government of universal Christendom by five patriarchal sees under the auspices of a single universal empire. Formulated in the legislation of the emperor Justinian I (527–65), especially in his Novella 131, the theory received formal ecclesiastical sanction at the Council in Trullo (692), which ranked the five sees as Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem.
Milton V. Anastos, Aspects of the Mind of Byzantium (Political Theory, Theology, and Ecclesiastical Relations with the See of Rome), Ashgate Publications, Variorum Collected Studies Series, 2001. ISBN 0-86078-840-7
L'idea di pentarchia nella cristianità
Encyclopædia Britannica: Pentarchy
Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions: An A–Z Guide to the World's Religions, by Wendy Doniger, M. Webster (Merriam–Webster, 1999 ISBN 0-87779-044-2, ISBN 978-0-87779-044-0): Patriarch
Catholic Encyclopedia: Patriarch and Patriarchate
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