인간 두뇌 의 해부학 적 영역은 표준 신경해부학 계층에 따라 정렬된다. 기능 , 연결 및 발달 영역은 적절한 경우 괄호 안에 나열된다.
인간 두뇌의 브로드만 영역 다양한 색상으로 강조된 뇌의 가장 유명한 부분
이 부분의 본문은
마름뇌 입니다.
발달 중인 인간 두뇌의 배아 척추동물 세분 후뇌 (hindbrain) 또는 마름뇌 (rhombencephalon)는 척추동물 의 중추신경계 부분의 발달 분류이다. 여기에는 숨뇌 , 다리뇌 , 소뇌 가 포함된다.마이엘렌세팔론 (Myelencephalon)숨뇌 (Medulla oblongata, 연수)
Medullary pyramids Arcuate nucleus Olivary body
Rostral ventrolateral medulla Caudal ventrolateral medulla Solitary nucleus (Nucleus of the solitary tract)Respiratory center -Respiratory groups
Dorsal respiratory group Ventral respiratory group or Apneustic centre
Pre-Bötzinger complex Botzinger complex Retrotrapezoid nucleus Nucleus retrofacialis Nucleus retroambiguus Nucleus para-ambiguus Paramedian reticular nucleus Gigantocellular reticular nucleus Parafacial zone Cuneate nucleus Gracile nucleus Perihypoglossal nuclei
Intercalated nucleus Prepositus nucleus Sublingual nucleus Area postrema Medullary cranial nerve nuclei
Inferior salivatory nucleus Nucleus ambiguus Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve Hypoglossal nucleus
Chemoreceptor trigger zone
Pontine nuclei Pontine cranial nerve nuclei
Chief or pontine nucleus of the trigeminal nerve sensory nucleus (V)Motor nucleus for the trigeminal nerve (V)Abducens nucleus (VI)Facial nerve nucleus (VII)속귀신경 nuclei (vestibular nuclei and cochlear nuclei ) (VIII)Superior salivatory nucleus
Pontine tegmentum
Pontine micturition center (Barrington's nucleus)Locus coeruleus Pedunculopontine nucleus Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus Tegmental pontine reticular nucleus Nucleus incertus Parabrachial area
Medial parabrachial nucleus Lateral parabrachial nucleus Subparabrachial nucleus (Kölliker-Fuse nucleus)
Pontine respiratory group Superior olivary complex
Medial superior olive Lateral superior olive Medial nucleus of the trapezoid body Paramedian pontine reticular formation Parvocellular reticular nucleus Caudal pontine reticular nucleus Cerebellar peduncles
Superior cerebellar peduncle Middle cerebellar peduncle Inferior cerebellar peduncle 넷째뇌실 (제사뇌실 , Fourth ventricle)
Cerebellar vermis Cerebellar hemispheres
Anterior lobe Posterior lobe Flocculonodular lobe Cerebellar nuclei
Fastigial nucleus Interposed nucleus
Globose nucleus Emboliform nucleus Dentate nucleus
중간뇌의 단면. Tectum
Pretectum Tegmentum
Periaqueductal gray Rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus Midbrain reticular formation Dorsal raphe nucleus Red nucleus Ventral tegmental area
Parabrachial pigmented nucleus Paranigral nucleus Rostromedial tegmental nucleus Caudal linear nucleus Rostral linear nucleus of the raphe Interfascicular nucleus Substantia nigra
Pars compacta Pars reticulata Interpeduncular nucleus Cerebral peduncle
Mesencephalic cranial nerve nuclei
Oculomotor nucleus (III)Edinger-Westphal nucleus Trochlear nucleus (IV)
Mesencephalic duct (cerebral aqueduct, aqueduct of Sylvius)
사이뇌 (Diencephalon, 간뇌) 시상상부 (Epithalamus)Pineal body (pineal gland)Habenular nuclei Stria medullaris Taenia thalami 셋째뇌실 (제삼뇌실 , Third ventricle)Subcommissural organ Circumventricular organs (also Fourth ventricle )
List of thalamic nuclei 문서를 참고하십시오.
Anterior nuclear group
Anteroventral nucleus (a.k.a. ventral anterior nucleus)Anterodorsal nucleus Anteromedial nucleus Medial nuclear group
Medial dorsal nucleus Midline nuclear group Paratenial nucleus Reuniens nucleus Rhomboidal nucleus Intralaminar nuclear group Centromedian nucleus Parafascicular nucleus Paracentral nucleus Central lateral nucleus Lateral nuclear group
Lateral dorsal nucleus Lateral posterior nucleus Pulvinar Ventral nuclear group
Ventral anterior nucleus Ventral lateral nucleus Ventral posterior nucleus
Ventral posterior lateral nucleus Ventral posterior medial nucleus Metathalamus
Medial geniculate body Lateral geniculate body Thalamic reticular nucleus
Anterior
Medial area
Parts of preoptic area
Medial preoptic nucleus
INAH 1 INAH 2 INAH 3 INAH 4
Median preoptic nucleus
Suprachiasmatic nucleus Paraventricular nucleus Supraoptic nucleus (mainly)Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
Lateral area
Parts of preoptic area
Anterior part of Lateral nucleus
Part of supraoptic nucleus
Other nuclei of preoptic area
Median preoptic nucleus
Periventricular preoptic nucleus
Tuberal
Medial area
Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus Ventromedial nucleus Arcuate nucleus
Lateral area
Tuberal part of Lateral nucleus
Lateral tuberal nuclei
Posterior
Medial area
Mammillary nuclei (part of mammillary bodies )
Posterior nucleus
Lateral area
Posterior part of Lateral nucleus
Surface
Median eminence Mammillary bodies Pituitary stalk (infundibulum)
Optic chiasm Subfornical organ Periventricular nucleus Tuber cinereum
Tuberal nucleus
Tuberomammillary nucleus Tuberal region Mammillary nucleus
Subthalamic nucleus Zona incerta
Neurohypophysis Pars intermedia (Intermediate Lobe)Adenohypophysis
red: frontal lobe
orange: parietal lobe
yellow: occipital lobe
green: temporal lobe
blue: cerebellum
black: brainstem
Centrum semiovale Corona radiata Internal capsule External capsule Extreme capsule Hippocampus (Medial Temporal Lobe )
Dentate gyrus Cornu ammonis (CA fields)
Cornu ammonis area 1 (CA1) Cornu ammonis area 2 (CA2) Cornu ammonis area 3 (CA3) Cornu ammonis area 4 (CA4) Amygdala (limbic system ) (limbic lobe )
Central nucleus (autonomic nervous system ) Medial nucleus (accessory olfactory system ) Cortical and basomedial nuclei (main olfactory system ) Lateral and basolateral nuclei (frontotemporal cortical system ) Extended amygdala
Stria terminalis
Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis Claustrum Basal ganglia
Striatum
Dorsal striatum (a.k.a. neostriatum)
Ventral striatum
Nucleus accumbens Olfactory tubercle Globus pallidus (forms nucleus lentiformis with putamen )
Subthalamic nucleus Basal forebrain
Anterior perforated substance Substantia innominata Nucleus basalis Diagonal band of Broca Septal nuclei
Lamina terminalis
Vascular organ of lamina terminalis Rhinencephalon (paleocortex ) Olfactory bulb Olfactory tract Anterior olfactory nucleus Piriform cortex Anterior commissure Uncus Periamygdaloid cortex
전두엽
대뇌 피질
일차운동피질 (Precentral gyrus, M1)Premotor cortex 보조 운동 영역 전전두피질
안와전두피질 Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
Gyri
Superior frontal gyrus Middle frontal gyrus Inferior frontal gyrus 브로드만 영역 : 4 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 24 , 25 , 32 , 33 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 마루엽 (두정엽)
Cortex
Primary somatosensory cortex (S1)Secondary somatosensory cortex (S2)Posterior parietal cortex
Gyri
Other
Brodmann areas 1 , 2 , 3 (Primary somesthetic area) 5 , 7 , 23 , 26 , 29 , 31 , 39 , 40 뒤통수엽 (후두엽)
Cortex
Primary visual cortex (V1)V2 V3 V4
Gyri
Other
Brodmann areas 17 (V1, primary visual cortex) ; 18 , 19 관자엽 (측두엽)
Cortex
Primary auditory cortex (A1)Secondary auditory cortex (A2)Inferior temporal cortex V5/MT Posterior inferior temporal cortex
Gyri
Superior temporal gyrus Middle temporal gyrus Inferior temporal gyrus Entorhinal cortex Perirhinal cortex Parahippocampal gyrus Fusiform gyrus Brodmann areas : 20 , 21 , 22 , 27 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 41 , 42 Other
Medial superior temporal area (MST) 뇌섬엽 띠이랑
Anterior cingulate Posterior cingulate Retrosplenial cortex Indusium griseum Subgenual area 25 브로드만 영역 23 , 24 ; 26 , 29 , 30 (retrosplenial areas) 31 , 32
Superior longitudinal fasciculus
Uncinate fasciculus Perforant pathway Thalamocortical radiations Corpus callosum Anterior commissure Amygdalofugal pathway Interthalamic adhesion Posterior commissure Habenular commissure Fornix Mammillotegmental fasciculus Incertohypothalamic pathway Cerebral peduncle Medial forebrain bundle Medial longitudinal fasciculus Myoclonic triangle Solitary tract Major dopaminergic pathways from dopaminergic cell groups
Mesocortical pathway Mesolimbic pathway Nigrostriatal pathway Tuberoinfundibular pathway
Serotonergic pathways
Norepinephrine Pathways
Locus coeruleus and other noradrenergic cell groups Epinephrine pathways from adrenergic cell groups Glutamate and acetylcholine pathways from mesopontine nuclei운동계 / Descending fibersExtrapyramidal system 피라미드로
겉질척수로 또는 Cerebrospinal fibers
Lateral corticospinal tract 앞겉질척수로 Corticopontine fibers
Frontopontine fibers Temporopontine fibers Corticobulbar tract Corticomesencephalic tract Tectospinal tract Interstitiospinal tract Rubrospinal tract Rubro-olivary tract Olivocerebellar tract Olivospinal tract Vestibulospinal tract
Lateral vestibulospinal tract Medial vestibulospinal tract Reticulospinal tract Lateral raphespinal tract Alpha system Gamma system
등쪽기둥–안쪽섬유띠 경로 (dorsal column–medial lemniscus pathway, DCML)
널판다발 (gracile fasciculus)쐐기다발 (cuneate fasciculus)안쪽섬유띠 (Medial lemniscus)척수시상로
Lateral spinothalamic tract Anterior spinothalamic tract Spinomesencephalic tract Spinocerebellar tract Spino-olivary tract Spinoreticular tract
Optic tract Optic radiation Retinohypothalamic tract
Medullary striae of fourth ventricle Trapezoid body Lateral lemniscus
Hypothalamic-pituitary hormones
시상하부-신경뇌하수체 계통 (Hypothalamic–neurohypophyseal system)
Middle cerebral artery Posterior cerebral artery Anterior cerebral artery Vertebral artery Basilar artery Circle of Willis (arterial system) Blood–brain barrier Glymphatic system Venous systems Circumventricular organs
Noradrenaline system Dopamine system Serotonin system Cholinergic system GABA Neuropeptides
Opioid peptides
Endorphins Enkephalins Dynorphins Oxytocin Substance P
뇌척수액 Brain-cerebrospinal fluid barrier
뇌척수막
경막 Arachnoid mater Pia mater Epidural space Subdural space Subarachnoid space
Arachnoid septum
Superior cistern Cistern of lamina terminalis Chiasmatic cistern Interpeduncular cistern Pontine cistern Cisterna magna Spinal subarachnoid space Ventricular system
Lateral ventricles
Angular bundle Anterior horn Body of lateral ventricle
Inferior horn
Posterior horn
Subventricular zone Third ventricle Fourth ventricle Foramina
Interventricular Foramina Cerebral Aqueduct Foramina of Luschka Foramen of Magendie
고포유류 피질(paleomammalian cortex)이라고도 알려진 둘레 계통(limbic system, 변연계)은 주로 중뇌 에 있는 대뇌 의 내측 측두엽 바로 아래, 시상 의 양쪽에 위치한 일련의 뇌 구조이다.[1] 둘레 계통 참조)에서 비롯된다. 따라서 변연계와 뇌 구조의 다른 분류에는 구조가 중복된다. 다음 영역은 변연계의 일부로 간주된다.[2] [3]
피질 영역:
Limbic lobe Orbitofrontal cortex : a region in the frontal lobe involved in the process of decision-makingPiriform cortex : part of the olfactory system Entorhinal cortex : related to memory and associative componentsHippocampus and associated structures: play a central role in the consolidation of new memoriesFornix : a white matter structure connecting the hippocampus with other brain structures, particularly the mammillary bodies and septal nuclei
겉질밑 영역(피질하영역):
Septal nuclei : a set of structures that lie in front of the lamina terminalis , considered a pleasure zoneAmygdala : located deep within the temporal lobes and related with a number of emotional processesNucleus accumbens : involved in reward, pleasure, and addiction
사이뇌 (간뇌) 구조:
Hypothalamus : a center for the limbic system, connected with the frontal lobes, septal nuclei, and the brain stem reticular formation via the medial forebrain bundle , with the hippocampus via the fornix, and with the thalamus via the mammillothalamic fasciculus ; regulates many autonomic processesMammillary bodies : part of the hypothalamus that receives signals from the hippocampus via the fornix and projects them to the thalamus Anterior nuclei of thalamus : receive input from the mammillary bodies and involved in memory processing둘레 계통에 포함된 다른 영역은 다음과 같다:
Stria medullaris Gudden의 중앙 회색 및 등쪽 및 배쪽 핵
Schacter, Daniel L. 2012. Psychology .sec. 3.20
List of thalamic nuclei 문서를 참고하십시오.
