អារក្ស

អារក្ស (អង់គ្លេស: Demon) ជាវិញ្ញាណអាក្រក់ ហើយវាមានអំណាចអាចធ្វើការអស្ចារ្យជាច្រើនបាន ប៉ុន្តែមិនមែនសម្រាប់សេចក្ដីល្អទេ។ វាជាសត្រូវរបស់មនុស្សជាតិ ស្ថិតនៅក្នុងអាកាស

រូបចម្លាក់របស់បិសាច

ហើយពួនសម្ងំនៅក្នុងរូបបដិមាកររបស់ពួកអ្នកមិនជឿព្រះ។ វាជាប្រភពនៃសេចក្ដីអាក្រក់គ្រប់បែបយ៉ាងដល់មនុស្សជាតិ ហើយកាលណាវាចូលមនុស្សណាហើយ វានឹងធ្វើទុក្ខមនុស្សនោះដោយ

ជំងឺផ្សេងៗជាច្រើន។

អារក្ស (មកពីភាសាក្រិក: δαιμόνιον daimónion) គឺជាអំណាចដ៏ខ្លាំងពូកែមួយ តែងតែជាភាវៈដែលបង្កការខូចខាតដល់មនុស្ស ហើយតែងតែមាននិយាយនៅក្នុងសាសនា វិជ្ជាមន្តអាគម អក្សាសាស្ត្រ ទេវវិទ្យាជាដើម។^[1]

នៅក្នុងវិជ្ជាខាងអារក្ស របស់គ្រីស្ទានកាលពីមជ្ឈឹមសម័យ អារក្សត្រូវបានគេយល់ឃើញថាជាវិញ្ញាណអសោច ជាទូតសួគ៌ដែលធ្លាក់ពីស្ថានសួគ៌ ជាប្រភេទវីញ្ញាណដែលគេមិនស្គាល់ ហើយវាអាចចូលក្នុងមនុស្ស។^[2]

^{[3][4][5][6][7] [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][13][14][16][13][17][18][19][20] [21][17] [22][23][24][25][26] [27] [28][29] [30]}

សាសនាគ្រីស្ទ

^[31]

រូបគំនូរនៅមជ្ឈឹមសម័យ គូរដោយ Ottheinrich Folio ពិពណ៌នាអំពីព្រះយេស៊ូវដេញអារក្សឲ្យចេញនៅកេរ៉ាស៊ីន (រឿងប្រៀបប្រដូចនៅមជ្ឈិមសម័យពិពណ៌នាអំពីព្រយេស៊ូបណ្តេញអារក្សចេញពីបុរសហើយផ្ទេរពួកវាទៅជ្រូក)

ពាក្យ "demon" (មកពីភាសាក្រិក δαιμόνιον daimonion) មានប្រើ៦៣ដង ក្នុងសញ្ញថ្មីនៃព្រះគម្ពីរគ្រីស្ទាន។^[32][33][34]

^{[35][36][37][38][39][40]}

នៅក្នុងព្រះគម្ពីរគ្រីស្ទាន បានបកស្រាយថាព្រះរបស់សាសនាផ្សេងៗគឺជាអារក្ស (demons) (មកពីភាសាក្រិក δαιμόνιον daimonion)។^[41]

វិជ្ជាដែលសិក្សាពីអារក្ស បានវិវត្តពីលក្ខណៈសាមញ្ញមួយ ទៅជាការសិក្សាដ៏ស្មុគស្មាញមួយ ដែលគំនិតនេះដំបូងឡើយមានប្រភពចេញពីវិជ្ជាដែលសិក្សាពីអារក្ស របស់ពួកយូដា (Jewish demonology) និង បទគម្ពីរគ្រីស្ទាន។^{[42][43][44][45]}

នៅសម័យផ្សេងៗក្នុងប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រគ្រីស្ទាន គេបានព្យាយាមធ្វើចំណាត់ថ្នាក់អារក្ស ទៅតាមឋានានុក្រមផ្សេងរបស់វា។

នៅក្នុងកណ្ឌគម្ពីរម៉ាកុស មានសរសេរថា ព្រះយេស៊ូវបានដេញអារក្សដែលធ្វើទុក្ខមនុស្សដោយជំងឺផ្សេងៗ ឲ្យចេញពីពួកគេ។ ព្រះអង្គក៏បានប្រទានអំណាចនោះ ដល់ពួកសាវ័ករបស់ព្រះអង្គដែរ។

^{[46][47][47][47][48][49][50] [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][65][67][68][69][70][71]}

ឯកសារយោង

1. Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott. "δαιμόνιον". Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus.
2. See, for example, the course synopsis and bibliography for "Magic, Science, Religion: The Development of the Western Esoteric Traditions" Archived November 29, 2014, at the វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន., at Central European University, Budapest
3. "Demon". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
4. Robin Lane Fox, Pagans and Christians 1989, p.137.
5. See the Medieval grimoire called the Ars Goetia.
6. Boyce, 1987; Black and Rowley, 1987; Duchesne-Guillemin, 1988.
7. Jewish Encyclopedia. 1906. http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13967-spirits-conception-of.
8. See Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch. pp. 60, 253, 261, 646; Jensen, Assyr.-Babyl. Mythen und Epen, 1900, p. 453; Archibald Sayce, l.c. pp. 441, 450, 463; Lenormant, l.c. pp. 48–51.
9. compare Isaiah 38:11 with Job 14:13; Psalms 16:10, ទំព័រគំរូ:Bibleverse-nb, and ទំព័រគំរូ:Bibleverse-nb
10. Isaacs, Ronald H. (1998). Ascending Jacob's Ladder: Jewish Views of Angels, Demons, and Evil Spirits. Jason Aronson. p. 96. ល.ស.ប.អ. 978-0-7657-5965-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=4iLqceVe7S0C&pg=PA96&lpg=PA96&dq=shabriri+demon+blindness&source=bl&ots=quVL5HVZOY&sig=6LBivAJ52pR9Xp8EGrosJcp9g9A&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lNQPVNytE7HsiwKtnIDIDw&sqi=2&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=shabriri%20demon%20blindness&f=false។ បានយកមក 10 September 2014.
11. Bellum Judaeorum vii. 6, § 3
12. "Antiquities" viii. 2, § 5
13. "The Jewish Encyclopedia". The Jewish Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2014-03-12.
14. "Demons & Demonology". jewishvirtuallibrary.org. The Gale Group. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
15. Bar-Hayim, David. "Do Jews Believe in Demons and Evil Spirits?-Interview with Rabbi David Bar-Hayim". www.youtube.com. Tora Nation Machon Shilo. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
16. W. Gunther Plaut, The Torah: A Modern Commentary (Union for Reform Judaism, 2005), p. 1403 online
17. Bar-Hayim, David (HaRav). "Do Jews Believe in Demons and Evil Spirits?". Machon Shilo. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
18. Pettigrove, Cedrick (2017-01-16) (ជាen). The Esoteric Codex: Supernatural Legends. Lulu.com. ល.ស.ប.អ. 9781329053090. https://books.google.com/books?id=T0S9CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA46&lpg=PA46&dq=Some+benevolent+shedim+were+used+in+kabbalistic+ceremonies+(as+with+the+golem+of+Rabbi+Yehuda+Loevy)+and+malevolent+shedim+(mazikin,+from+the+root+meaning+%22to+damage%22)+were+often+credited+with+possession&source=bl&ots=9MWufwWnd_&sig=RseZI6pPfaUOT6cYhqDVTsfsRCU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwixtKHv-MbRAhUDMyYKHRLlAbQQ6AEIIzAB#v=onepage&q=Some%20benevolent%20shedim%20were%20used%20in%20kabbalistic%20ceremonies%20(as%20with%20the%20golem%20of%20Rabbi%20Yehuda%20Loevy)%20and%20malevolent%20shedim%20(mazikin,%20from%20the%20root%20meaning%20%22to%20damage%22)%20were%20often%20credited%20with%20possession&f=false.
19. (Targ. Yer. to Deuteronomy xxxii. 24 and Numbers vi. 24; Targ. to Cant. iii. 8, iv. 6; Eccl. ii. 5; Ps. xci. 5, 6.)
20. "Jewish Encyclopedia Demonology". Retrieved 2007-05-03.
21. Targ. to Eccl. i. 13; Pes. 110a; Yer. Shek. 49b
22. Pes. 112b; compare B. Ḳ. 21a
23. García, Martínez Florentino. The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated: The Qumran Texts in English. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1994. Print.
24. Florentino Martinez Garcia, Magic in the Dead Sea Scrolls: The Metamorphosis of Magic: From Late Antiquity to the Early Modern Period, compilers Jan Bremmer and Jan R. Veenstra (Leuven: Peeters, 2003).
25. Author=Frey, J. Title=DIFFERENT PATTERNS OF DUALISTIC THOUGHT IN THE QUMRAN LIBRARY IN: Legal Texts And Legal Issues, Year=1984, p. 287
26. Author=Nickelsburg, George. Title="Jewish Literature between the Bible and the Mishna." N.d. Digital file.
27. Author=Frey, J. Title=DIFFERENT PATTERNS OF DUALISTIC THOUGHT IN THE QUMRAN LIBRARY IN: Legal Texts And Legal Issues, Year=1984, p. 278
28. Author=Nickelsburg, George. Title="Jewish Literature between the Bible and the Mishna." N.d. Digital file, p. 147.
29. Dead Sea Scrolls 1QS III 20–25
30. Dale Basil Martin, “When did Angels Become Demons?” Journal of Biblical Literature (2010): 657–677.
31. "Hebrew Concordance: ū·śə·'î·rîm – 1 Occurrence". Biblesuite.com. Retrieved 2014-03-12.
32. "1140. daimonion". Biblos.com. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
33. Dan Burton and David Grandy, Magic, Mystery, and Science: The Occult in Western Civilization (Indiana University Press, 2003), p. 120 online.
34. Encyclopedia of Spirits: The Ultimate Guide to the Magic of Fairies, Genies, Demons, Ghosts, Gods & Goddesses – Judika Illes – HarperCollins, Jan 2009 – p. 902
35. Harris, Stephen L., Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985. It is considered one of the pseudepigrapha by Protestant, Roman Catholic, and Eastern Orthodox Churches
36. Moshe Berstein, Angels at the Aqedah: A Study in the Development of a Midrashic Motif, (Dead Sea Discoveries, 7, 2000), 267.
37. Jubilees 10:7–9
38. Hanneken Henoch,, T. R. (2006). ANGELS AND DEMONS IN THE BOOK OF JUBILEES AND CONTEMPORARY APOCALYPSES. pp. 11–25.
39. VanderKam, James C. (1999). THE ANGEL STORY IN THE BOOK OF JUBILEES IN: Pseudepigraphic Perspectives : The Apocrypha And Pseudepigrapha In Light Of The Dead Sea Scrolls. pp. 151–170.
40. Vermes, Geza (2011). The complete Dead Sea scrolls in English. London: Penguin. p. 375.
41. van der Toorn, Becking, van der Horst (1999), Dictionary of Deities and Demons in The Bible, Second Extensively Revised Edition, Entry: Demon, pp. 235-240, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company,ISBN 0-8028-2491-9
42. Exorcism Archived 2019-03-25 at the វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន., Sancta Missa – Rituale Romanum, 1962, at sanctamissa.org, Copyright © 2007. Canons Regular of St. John Cantius
43. Hansen, Chadwick (1970), Witchcraft at Salem, p. 132, Signet Classics, Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 69-15825
44. Modica, Terry Ann (1996), Overcoming The Power of The Occult, p. 31, Faith Publishing Company,ISBN 1-880033-24-0
45. "Angels and Demons – Facts not Fiction". fathercorapi.com. Archived from the original on 2004-04-05.
46. Augustine of Hippo. City of God http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf102.iv.IX.11.html. {{cite web}}: |chapter= ignored (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
47. Irving M. Zeitlin (19 March 2007). The Historical Muhammad. Polity. p. 59. ល.ស.ប.អ. 978-0-7456-3999-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=v_seJ21M0UoC&pg=PT59.
48. Ibn Taymiyah's Essay on the Jinn (Demons), abridged, annotated and translated by Dr. Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips, International Islamic Publishing House: Riyadh, p. 19 (note 4).
49. https://shaikhsohail.wordpress.com/2008/06/13/demonology-in-islam/
50. Charles Mathewes Understanding Religious EthicsJohn Wiley & SonsISBN 978-1-405-13351-7page 249
51. Patrick Hughes, Thomas Patrick Hughes Dictionary of Islam Asian Educational Services 1995 page 137ISBN 978-8-120-60672-2
52. Yasmin Henkesh Trance Dancing with the Jinn: The Ancient Art of Contacting Spirits Through Ecstatic Dance Llewellyn Worldwide 2016ISBN 978-0-738-74742-2
53. Patrick Hughes, Thomas Patrick Hughes Dictionary of Islam Asian Educational Services 1995 page 135ISBN 978-8-120-60672-2
54. el-Sayed El-Aswad Religion and Folk Cosmology: Scenarios of the Visible and Invisible in Rural Egypt Greenwood Publishing Group 2002ISBN 978-0-897-89924-6page 153
55. Amira El-Zein Islam, Arabs, and Intelligent World of the Jinn Syracuse University Press 2009ISBN 9780815650706page 44
56. Thomas Patrick Hughes Dictionary of Islam Asian Educational Services 1995ISBN 978-8-120-60672-2page 134; Amira El-Zein Islam, Arabs, and Intelligent World of the Jinn Syracuse University Press 2009ISBN 978-0-815-65070-6page xvi
57. Smith, Peter (2008). An Introduction to the Baha'i Faith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 112. ល.ស.ប.អ. 978-0-521-86251-6.
58. A.E. Waite, The Book of Black Magic, (Weiser Books, 2004).
59. The Encyclopedia of Witches, Witchcraft and Wicca – page 95, Rosemary Guiley – 2008
60. Freud (1950, 65), quoting Wundt (1906, 129).
61. Freud, S. (1950). Totem and Taboo. London:Routledge
62. Peck, M.S. (1983). People of the Lie: The Hope For Healing Human Evil
63. Peck, M.S. (2005). Glimpses of the Devil: A Psychiatrist's Personal Accounts of Possession, Exorcism, and Redemption.
64. The exorcist, an interview with M. Scott Peck by Rebecca Traister published in Salon
65. The devil you know, National Catholic Reporter, April 29, 2005, a commentary on Glimpses of the Devil by Richard Woods
66. The Patient Is the Exorcist, an interview with M. Scott Peck by Laura Sheahen
67. Dominican Newsroom Archived August 29, 2012, at the វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន.
68. "RichardWoodsOP.net". RichardWoodsOP.net. Archived from the original on 2013-12-28. Retrieved 2014-03-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
69. Haarman, Susan (2005-10-25). "BustedHalo.com". BustedHalo.com. Retrieved 2014-03-12.
70. SN Chiu, “Historical, Religious, and Medical Perspective of Possession Phenomenon” in Hong Kong Journal of Psychiatry, (East Asian Archives of Psychiatry, 2000).
71. “Demon” in Britannica Concise Encyclopedia,