ガンマプロテオバクテリア綱

ガンマプロテオバクテリア綱（ガンマプロテオバクテリアこう、Gammaproteobacteria）とは真正細菌Pseudomonadota門における綱の一つである。この綱の細菌はグラム陰性である。重要な病原菌を多く含む。

ガンマプロテオバクテリア綱
コレラ菌（Vibrio cholerae） タイプ属のシュードモナス属のタイプ種である緑膿菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa）の血液寒天培地上のコロニー
分類
ドメイン : 真正細菌 Bacteria 門 : Pseudomonadota門 綱 : ガンマプロテオバクテリア綱 Gammaproteobacteria
学名
Gammaproteobacteria Garrity et al. 2005[1] (IJSEMリストに掲載 2005)[2]
タイプ属
シュードモナス属 Pseudomonas Migula 1894[3] (IJSEMリストに掲載 1980)[4] 修正　Yang et al. 2013[5] (IJSEMリストに掲載 1980)[6]
シノニム
クロマチウム綱 Chromatiia Cavalier-Smith 2020[7] クロマチバクテリア綱 Chromatibacteria Cavalier-Smith 2002[8]
下位分類（目）
本文を参照

特徴

ガンマプロテオバクテリア綱には医学的、人間社会にとって重要な細菌を多く含む。腸内細菌科（Enterobacteriaceae）、ビブリオ科（Vibrionaceae）、シュードモナス科（Pseudomonadaceae）などである。重要な病原菌にはサルモネラ（Salmonella spp.、腸炎や腸チフスの原因菌）やペスト菌（Yersinia pestis）、コレラ（Vibrio cholerae）、緑膿菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa、日和見感染による緑膿菌感染症）、大腸菌（Escherichia coli、食中毒）がいる。重要な植物病原菌にはXanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri（ミカン類潰瘍病）やPseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae（キウイ）、Xylella fastidiosaがいる。クロマチウム属（Chromatium）は光合成細菌であり、水の代わりに硫化水素を酸化し、硫黄を排出する。ガンマプロテオバクテリア綱の多くはメタン酸化細菌であり、一部は深海生物のチューブワームと共生している^[9]。

下位分類（目）

IJSEMに正式承認されている目

本綱に属する目を以下に列挙する(2024年7月現在)^[10]。

• Acidiferrobacterales　アシディフェロバクター目

小島久弥 et al. 2015^[11] (IJSEMリストに掲載 2016)^[12]

• Aeromonadales　エアロモナス目

Martin-Carnahan and Joseph 2005^[13] (IJSEMリストに掲載 2005)^[2]

• Alteromonadales　アルテロモナス目

Bowman and McMeekin 2005^[14] (IJSEMリストに掲載 2005)^[2]

• Arenicellales　アレニセラス目

寺本真紀 et al. 2015^[15] (IJSEMリストに掲載 2015)^[16]

• Beggiatoales　ベギアトア目

Buchanan 1957^[17] (IJSEMリストに掲載 1980)^[4]

• Cardiobacteriales　カルディオバクテリウム目

Garrity et al. 2005^[18] (IJSEMリストに掲載 2005)^[2]

• Cellvibrionales　セルビブリオ目

Spring et al. 2015^[19] (IJSEMリストに掲載 2015)^[20]

• Chromatiales　クロマチウム目

Imhoff 2005^[21] (IJSEMリストに掲載 2005)^[2]

• Enterobacterales　エンテロバクター目

Adeolu et al. 2016^[22] (IJSEMリストに掲載 2017)^[23]

• Immundisolibacterales

Corteselli et al. 2017^[24] (IJSEMリストに掲載 2017)^[25]

• Legionellales　レジオネラ目

Garrity et al. 2005^[26] (IJSEMリストに掲載 2005)^[2]

• Lysobacterales　ライソバクター目

Christensen and Cook 1978^[27] (IJSEMリストに掲載 1980)^[4]、修正　Naushad et al. 2015^[28] (IJSEMリストに掲載 2015)^[29]

• Methylococcales　メチロコックス目

Bowman 2005^[30] (IJSEMリストに掲載 2005)^[2]

• Nevskiales　ネブスキア目

Naushad et al. 2015^[28] (IJSEMリストに掲載 2015)^[31]

• Oceanospirillales　オセアノスピリルム目

Garrity et al. 2005^[32] (IJSEMリストに掲載 2005)^[2]

• Orbales　オルバス目

Kwong and Moran 2013^[33] (IJSEMリストに掲載 2013)^[34]

• Pasteurellales　パスツーレラ目

Garrity et al. 2005^[35] (IJSEMリストに掲載 2005)^[2]

• Pseudomonadales　シュードモナス目（タイプ目）

Orla-Jensen 1921^[36] (IJSEMリストに掲載 1980)^[4]、修正　2020^[37] (IJSEMリストに掲載 2021)^[38]

• Thiohalobacterales　チオハロバクター目

Sorokin and Merkel 2023^[39] (IJSEMリストに掲載 2023)^[40]

• Thiohalorhabdales

Sorokin and Merkel 2023^[41] (IJSEMリストに掲載 2023)^[40]

IJSEMに未承認の目

• "Candidatus Comchoanobacterales"

Needham et al. 2022^[42]

• "Candidatus Competibacterales"

Chuvochina et al. 2023^[43]

• "Candidatus Foliamicales"

Nguyen et al. 2023^[44]

• "Candidatus Johnevansiales"

Chuvochina et al. 2023^[43]

• "Candidatus Porifericomitales"

Nguyen et al. 2023^[44]

• "Candidatus Porisulfidales"

Nguyen et al. 2023^[44]

• "Candidatus Rariloculales"

Nguyen et al. 2023^[44]

• "Candidatus Siderophilales"

corrig. Corbera-Rubio et al. 2024^[42]

• "Candidatus Spongiifermentales"

Nguyen et al. 2023^[44]

• "Candidatus Tethybacterales"

Taylor et al. 2021^[45]

• "Vibrionales"　ビブリオ目

Garrity and Holt 2001^[46]

系統発生

以下に、2010年に作成されたガンマプロテオバクテリア綱の系統発生図を示す^[47]。

	アシドチオバシラス綱
	ベータプロテオバクテリア綱       キサントモナス目       クロマチウム目     メチロコッカス属     ベッギアトア属       レジオネラ目     Ruthia、Vesicomyosocius、チオミクロスピラ属、ディケロバクター属、フランシセラ属         モラクセラ科、Alcalinovorax       サッカロファガス属, レイネケア属       オセアノスピリルム科       マリノバクター属     シュードモナス科               シュードアルテロモナス科、アルテロモナス属、Idiomarinaceae       シェワネラ科       シクロモナス科       アルテロモナス属       ビブリオ目       パスツレラ目     エンテロバクター目

単系統ではないためシュードモナス目やオセアノスピリルム目、アルテロモナス目は科と属を示す。単系統の目は属のみを示す。

脚注

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2. “Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology: 2235-2238. (01 November 2005). doi:10.1099/ijs.0.64108-0.
3. Migula W. (1894). “Arbeiten aus dem Bakteriologischen Institut der Technischen Hochschule zu Karlsruhe”. Über ein neues System der Bakterien 1: 235-238.
4. V. B. D. Skerman, Vicki. McGOWAN and P. H. A. Sneath (01 January 1980). “Approved Lists of Bacterial Names”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 30 (1): 225-420. doi:10.1099/00207713-30-1-225.
5. Guiqin Yang, Luchao Han, Junlin Wen and Shungui Zhou (01 December 2013). “Pseudomonas guangdongensis sp. nov., isolated from an electroactive biofilm, and emended description of the genus Pseudomonas Migula 1894”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63 (Pt_12): 4599-4605. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.054676-0. PMID 23918787.
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7. Thomas Cavalier-Smith & Ema E-Yung Chao (03 January 2020). “Multidomain ribosomal protein trees and the planctobacterial origin of neomura (eukaryotes, archaebacteria)”. Protoplasma 257 (3): 621-753. doi:10.1007/s00709-019-01442-7. PMC 7203096. PMID 31900730. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7203096/.
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9. http://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/202/EUBACTERIA/PROTEOBACTERIAE/gammaproteobacteria-frame.htm
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11. Hisaya Kojima, Arisa Shinohara and Manabu Fukui (01 October 2015). “Sulfurifustis variabilis gen. nov., sp. nov., a sulfur oxidizer isolated from a lake, and proposal of Acidiferrobacteraceae fam. nov. and Acidiferrobacterales ord. nov.”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65 (Pt_10): 3709-3713. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.000479. PMID 26220671.
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13. Martin-Carnahan A, Joseph SW (2005). “Order XII. Aeromonadales ord. nov.”. In Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 2 (The Proteobacteria), part B (The Gammaproteobacteria). Springer, New York. p. 556
14. Bowman JP, McMeekin TA (2005). “Order X. Alteromonadales ord. nov.”. In Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 2 (The Proteobacteria), part B (The Gammaproteobacteria). Springer, New York. p. 443
15. Maki Teramoto, Ken-ichi Yagyu and Miyuki Nishijima (01 February 2015). “Perspicuibacter marinus gen. nov., sp. nov., a semi-transparent bacterium isolated from surface seawater, and description of Arenicellaceae fam. nov. and Arenicellales ord. nov.”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65 (Pt_2): 353-358. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.064683-0. PMID 25355707.
16. Aharon Oren and George M. Garrity (01 May 2015). “Notification that new names of prokaryotes, new combinations, and new taxonomic opinions have appeared in volume 65, part 2, of the IJSEM”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65 (Pt_5): 1397-1399. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.000142.
17. Buchanan RE (1957). “Order VII. Beggiatoales Buchanan, Ordo Nov”. In Breed RS, Murray EGD, Smith NR. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 7th ed.. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 837-853
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19. Stefan Spring, Carmen Scheuner, Markus Göker, Hans-Peter Klenk (09 April 2015). “A taxonomic framework for emerging groups of ecologically important marine gammaproteobacteria based on the reconstruction of evolutionary relationships using genome-scale data”. Frontiers in Microbiology 6 (281): 281. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00281. PMC 4391266. PMID 25914684. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4391266/.
20. Aharon Oren and George M. Garrity (01 July 2015). “List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65 (Pt_7): 2017-2025. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.000317.
21. Imhoff JF (2005). “Order I. Chromatiales ord. nov.”. In Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 2 (The Proteobacteria), part B (The Gammaproteobacteria). Springer, New York. pp. 1-3
22. Mobolaji Adeolu, Seema Alnajar, Sohail Naushad and Radhey S. Gupta (01 December 2016). “Genome-based phylogeny and taxonomy of the ‘Enterobacteriales’: proposal for Enterobacterales ord. nov. divided into the families Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae fam. nov., Pectobacteriaceae fam. nov., Yersiniaceae fam. nov., Hafniaceae fam. nov., Morganellaceae fam. nov., and Budviciaceae fam. nov.”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 66 (12): 5575-5599. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001485. PMID 27620848.
23. Aharon Oren and George M. Garrity (01 March 2017). “Notification that new names of prokaryotes, new combinations and new taxonomic opinions have appeared in volume 66, part 12, of the IJSEM”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 67 (3): 525-528. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001834.
24. Elizabeth M. Corteselli, Michael D. Aitken and David R. Singleton (01 April 2017). “Description of Immundisolibacter cernigliae gen. nov., sp. nov., a high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium within the class Gammaproteobacteria, and proposal of Immundisolibacterales ord. nov. and Immundisolibacteraceae fam. nov.”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 67 (4): 925-931. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001714.
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30. Bowman JP (2005). “Order VII. Methylococcales ord. nov.”. In Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 2 (The Proteobacteria), part B (The Gammaproteobacteria). Springer, New York. pp. 248-252
31. Aharon Oren and George M. Garrity (01 April 2015). “List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65 (Pt_4): 1105-1111. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.000178.
32. Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM, ed (2005). Order VIII. Oceanospirillales ord. nov.. “Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 2 (The Proteobacteria), part B (The Gammaproteobacteria)”. Garrity GM, Bell JA, Lilburn T (Springer, New York): 270.
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外部リンク

• Gammaproteobacteria - MeSH・アメリカ国立医学図書館・生命科学用語シソーラス（英語）