1859年にダーウィンによって種の起原が発表されてすぐに、イギリスの進化論支持者である生物学者のハクスリーは鳥類が恐竜の子孫であるとの説を提唱した。彼はコンプソグナトゥスと始祖鳥の骨格を比較し、前足と羽毛は別として、両者の骨格がよく類似していることを示した。1868年に彼は著作"On the Animals which are most nearly intermediate between Birds and Reptiles"を出版した[3][4]。当時の恐竜研究の第一人者であったリチャード・オーウェンは、「始祖鳥は最初の鳥類であり、恐竜の系統とは大きく離れたものである。」として、ハクスリーの学説に反対した。20世紀に入ると、鳥類の起原を巡る論争の中で鳥類の恐竜起原説は主流からはずれ、鳥類の起原はワニ形類や槽歯類、あるいは主竜類のいずれかの系統にあるものとされた。
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