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Template:For Template:Infobox medical condition (new) Hypocalcemia is low calcium levels in the blood serum.[1] The normal range is 2.1–2.6 mmol/L (8.8–10.7 mg/dl, 4.3–5.2 mEq/L) with levels less than 2.1 mmol/l defined as hypocalcemia.[2][3][4] Mildly low levels that develop slowly often have no symptoms.[5][6] Otherwise symptoms may include numbness, muscle spasms, seizures, confusion, or cardiac arrest.[2][5]
Common causes include hypoparathyroidism and vitamin D deficiency.[5] Others causes include kidney failure, pancreatitis, calcium channel blocker overdose, rhabdomyolysis, tumor lysis syndrome, and medications such as bisphosphonates.[2] Diagnosis should generally be confirmed with a corrected calcium or ionized calcium level.[5] Specific changes may be seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG).[2]
Initial treatment for severe disease is with intravenous calcium chloride and possibly magnesium sulfate.[2] Other treatments may include vitamin D, magnesium, and calcium supplements.[5] If due to hypoparathyroidism, hydrochlorothiazide, phosphate binders, and a low salt diet may also be recommended.[5] About 18% of people who are being treated in hospital have hypocalcemia.[6]