I Californio sono stati un gruppo etnico nordamericano. Il termine storicamente identificava le persone che parlavano la lingua spagnola, usualmente di religione cattolica oppure, a prescindere dalla razza, di discendenza latino americana e nati in California dalle prime colonie spagnole stabilitesi con la Spedizione Portolá nel 1769 e fino al Trattato di Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) nel quale il Messico cedette la California agli Stati Uniti.
La gran parte degli indigeni della California non erano invece dei californio perché non parlavano lo spagnolo.
Secondo il Censimento degli Stati Uniti del 1850 erano 9.000 i californio censiti nella Alta California.
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Seventh Census of the United States 1850 Accessed 8 Aug 2011 California U.S. 1850 Census; Copia archiviata (PDF), su agcensus.usda.gov. URL consultato il 15 giugno 2011 (archiviato dall'url originale il 4 ottobre 2011). Accessed 8 Aug 2011
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