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Ịda ogbenye na Vietnam
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Ruo n'afọ ndị 1920, ọtụtụ ndị bi na Vietnam bi n'okpuru ahịrị ịda ogbenye . Nke a bụ n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe kpatara ya, nke sitere na ọtụtụ afọ dị ka ndị France na-achị, [1] ndị Japan na-arụ na Vietnam, [2] Vietnam-American War, [3] na esemokwu ndị ọzọ n'ime Mainland Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia (nke bụ isi. agha Cambodia-Vietnamese [4] [5] na agha Sino-Vietnamese [6] ). Esemokwu na-aga n'ihu site na 1887 ruo 1991, ihe karịrị 100 afọ nke enweghị ntụkwasị obi ahapụla Vietnam obodo agha tisasịrị [7] [8] [9] nke nwere nnukwu idei mmiri sitere na typhoons, oke oke osimiri, yana nke a na-akpọ " oge idei mmiri" site na udu mmiri oge ( Osimiri East Asia n'oge oyi na mmiri ozuzo South Asia n'oge okpomọkụ), yana mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe . [10] [11] [12]
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Ndozigharị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nke akụ na ụba nke malitere na 1986, nke bụ usoro iwu maka nnwere onwe ahịa nke akpọrọ Đổi Mới (Mmeghari / Innovation), ọnọdụ nke ịda ogbenye na agụụ na Vietnam emeela ka ọ dịkwuo mma - site na otu n'ime mba ndị kasị daa ogbenye n'ụwa. Ego onye ọ bụla na-enweta n'okpuru US $100 kwa afọ, ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke 2013 Viet Nam ghọrọ mba etiti na-akpata ego na ego onye ọ bụla na-enweta US$1,910 (na 2013). [13] Ọnụego ịda ogbenye belatara site na pasent 58 na 1993 ruo pasent 28.9 na 2002, pasent 14.5 na 2008, ruo ihe dị ka pasent 12 na 2011. A na-eche na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 28 bụ ndị ewepụrụla n'ịda ogbenye kemgbe iri afọ abụọ. [14] Akuko 2014 Global Hunger Index (GHI) gosiputara Vietnam nke iri na ise n'ime mba 81 na-enwe aguu, yana GHI nke 7.5 ma e jiri ya tụnyere 27.7 di egwu na 1990 (mba nwere oke egwu (GHI ≥ 30), di egwu (GHI n'etiti 20.0 na 29.9) ma ọ bụ dị njọ (GHI n'etiti 10.0 na 19.9) ọnọdụ [15] . Mmezu e nwetara na mbelata ịda ogbenye na ikpochapụ agụụ nwere nnukwu ekele ma nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịkwalite mmepe akụ na ụba . Otú ọ dị, Vietnam ka nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ dị n'ihu n'ịlụso ịda ogbenye na agụụ ọgụ yana maka ndị ọzọ na-adịghị ike dị ka agbụrụ dị nta, ndị nwere nkwarụ, ilekọta ndị agadi, na ndị na-adịghị ike ime mpụ . [16] [17] [18] [19]
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N'ihe gbasara agụmakwụkwọ, ewezuga ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nke ọtụtụ ndị Vietnam zuru ezu, ọnụego mmecha ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na mbido 2021 n'afọ nke abụọ nke ọrịa coronavirus bụ naanị ihe dị njọ 58%, nke agbanyeghị, sitere na naanị 55% na 2013. [20] Site na 1990 ruo 2016, oke ndebanye aha Vietnam Nam na agụmakwụkwọ mahadum tolitere site na naanị 2.7% ruo 28.3%. Ka o sina dị, oke a ka dị n'okpuru nke mba ndị ọzọ na mpaghara ahụ. [21] Mpaghara akọwapụtara nke Vietnam ebe enwere oke nha nhata nke inweta agụmakwụkwọ na akụ na ụba dọdara nkezi ala. [20]
Dabere na akụkọ sitere na Asia Development Bank, Vietnam nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 91.70 dị ka nke 2015, ihe dị ka otu nde mmadụ karịa afọ gara aga. [22] Na 2016, 5.8% nke ndị bi na-ebi n'okpuru ahịrị ịda ogbenye mba; na 2019, ọnụ ọgụgụ enweghị ọrụ bụ 2.0%. [23] Onu ogugu ndi mmadu bi na mkpọturu gbadara site na 60.5% na 1992 rue 13.8% ibi n'ime mkpọka site na 2018. [24]