onye edemede na onye na-akwado ọrụ From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Winona LaDuke (amụrụ n'August 18, 1959) bụ onye America na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba, onye na-ahụ Maka gburugburu ebe obibi, onye edemede na onye na-akụ hemp, nke a maara maka ọrụ ya na nkwupụta ala agbụrụ na nchekwa, yana mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.
ụdịekere | nwanyị |
---|---|
mba o sị | Njikota Obodo Amerika |
aha n'asụsụ obodo | Winona LaDuke |
Aha enyere | Winona |
aha ezinụlọ ya | LaDuke |
Ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 18 Ọgọọst 1959 |
Ebe ọmụmụ | Los Angeles |
asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye aka | Bekee |
Ọrụ ọ na-arụ | economist, ode akwukwo ifo, Onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, Odee akwụkwọ, environmentalist |
onye were ọrụ | Honor the Earth, White Earth Land Recovery Project |
ebe agụmakwụkwọ | Harvard University, Antioch University, Antioch College, Ashland High School |
onye otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị | Green Party of the United States |
agbụrụ | Ojibwe |
Ihe nrite | Reebok Human Rights Award, National Women's Hall of Fame, Thomas Merton Award |
N'afọ 1996 na 2000, ọ gbara ọsọ maka osote onye isi ala nke United States dị ka onye a họpụtara na Green Party nke United States, na tiketi nke Ralph Nader duziri. Ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa na onye guzobere (ya na Indigo Girls) nke Honor the Earth, otu Native Environmental Advocacy organization nke keere òkè dị ukwuu na ngagharị iwe Dakota Access Pipeline.[1]
N'afọ 2016, ọ natara vootu maka osote onye isi ala. N'ime nke a, ọ ghọrọ onye otu Green Party mbụ natara votu ntuli aka.
Winona (nke pụtara "nwa nwanyị mbụ" n'asụsụ Dakota) A mụrụ LaDuke na 1959 na Los Angeles, California, nye Betty Bernstein na Vincent LaDuke (nke e mechara mara dị ka Sun Bear).[2] Nna ya si Ojibwe White Earth Reservation na Minnesota, nne ya si na ndị Juu Europe si Bronx, New York. LaDuke nọrọ oge ụfọdụ n'oge ọ bụ nwata na Los Angeles, mana a zụlitere ya na Ashland, Oregon.[3] N'ihi ihe nketa nna ya, e debara aha ya na Ojibwe Nation mgbe ọ dị obere, mana ọ biri na White Earth, ma ọ bụ ebe ọ bụla ọzọ, ruo n'afọ 1982. Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na White Earth mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na kọleji, mgbe ọ nwetara ọrụ n'ebe ahụ dị ka onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.[2]
Mgbe nne na nna ya lụrụ di, Vincent LaDuke rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Hollywood na nkwado na ihe nkiri ọdịda anyanwụ, ebe Betty LaDuke gụsịrị akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ ya. Di na nwunye ahụ kewara mgbe Winona dị afọ ise, nne ya wee were ọnọdụ dị ka onye nkuzi nka na Southern Oregon College, ugbu a Southern Oregon University na Ashland, mgbe ahụ obere obodo na-egbutu osisi na kọleji dị nso n'ókè California.[2] N'afọ 1980, Vincent mepụtara onwe ya dị ka onye ndu ime mmụọ nke Oge Ọhụrụ site na aha Sun Bear.[2]
Mgbe ọ na-etolite na Ashland, LaDuke gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze ma nọrọ na otu arụmụka na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Ọ gara Mahadum Harvard, ebe ọ sonyeere otu ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe, wee gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1982 na Bachelor of Arts na akụ na ụba (mmepe akụ na ụba ime obodo).[2] Mgbe ọ kwagara White Earth, ọ maghị asụsụ Ojibwe, ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ, a nabataghịkwa ya ngwa ngwa. Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nke Minnesota, ọ mechara nyocha maka thesis nke masta ya na akụ na ụba nke ebe nchekwa ahụ wee tinye aka na nsogbu mpaghara. Ọ gụsịrị M.A. na Community Economic Development site na mmemme mmụta dị anya nke Mahadum Antioch.[2]
Mgbe ọ na-aga Harvard, LaDuke nụrụ ihe ngosi nke Jimmie Durham kwuru na ọ "na-eme ihe na-enweghị isi" n'ime ya wee gbanwee ndụ ya. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Durham, na-enyocha mmetụta nke igwupụta uranium na mpaghara Navajo.[4] Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ kwagara n'obodo nna ya na White Earth, ebe ọ chọtara ọrụ dị ka onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. N'afọ 1985, o nyere aka chọta Indigenous Women's Network. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Women of All Red Nations iji kpọsaa American manyere ụmụ nwanyị American amị.
Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ banyere n'ọgụ iji weghachite ala maka Anishinaabe. Nkwekọrịta 1867 na United States nyere ókèala nke ihe karịrị 860,000 acres maka White Earth Indian Reservation. N'okpuru Iwu Nelson nke 1889, mgbalị iji mee ka ndị Anishinaabe bụrụ ndị a na-ejikọta site n'ịnakwere ihe nlereanya Europe na America nke ọrụ ugbo, e kenyere ala agbụrụ obodo n'ezinụlọ ọ bụla. US kewara ala ọ bụla karịrị akarị dị ka ihe karịrị akarị, na-enye ohere ka a ree ya ndị na-abụghị ụmụ amaala. Na mgbakwunye, ọtụtụ ndị Anishinaabe rere ala ha n'otu n'otu kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ; ihe ndị a mere ka agbụrụ ahụ ghara ịchịkwa ọtụtụ ala ya. Ka ọ na-erule n'etiti narị afọ nke 20, agbụrụ ahụ nwere naanị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke ala na mpaghara ya.[2]
N'afọ 1989, LaDuke guzobere White Earth Land Recovery Project (WELRP) na Minnesota site na ego nke onyinye ikike mmadụ sitere na Reebok. Ebumnuche bụ ịzụta ala n'ebe ndị na-abụghị ndị obodo zụrụ na ịmepụta ụlọ ọrụ na-enye Anishinaabe ọrụ. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2000, ntọala ahụ zụtara 1,200 acres, nke o jidere na ntụkwasị obi nchekwa maka ịnyefe agbụrụ ahụ.[2]
WELRP na-arụkwa ọrụ iji weghachite ọhịa n'ala ahụ ma mee ka ịkọ osikapa ọhịa, nke bụ nri ọdịnala. Ọ na-ere nke ahụ na ngwaahịa ọdịnala ndị ọzọ, gụnyere hominy, jam, buffalo sausage, na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ. Ọ malitere usoro asụsụ Ojibwe, ìgwè anụ ọhịa buffalo, na ọrụ ike ifufe.[2]
LaDuke bụkwa onye isi nchịkwa nke Honor the Earth, otu nzukọ ya na ndị na-abụghị ndị obodo folk-rock duo Indigo Girls guzobere na 1993. Ọrụ nzukọ ahụ bụ:
iji mepụta mmata na nkwado maka nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi ụmụ amaala na ịzụlite ego na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị mkpa maka ịdị ndụ nke obodo ụmụ amaala. Honor the Earth na-emepe ihe onwunwe ndị a site na iji egwu, nka, mgbasa ozi, na amamihe ụmụ amaala ịrịọ ndị mmadụ ka ha mata na anyị na-adabere n'ụwa ma bụrụ olu maka ndị a na-anụbeghị.[5]
Klas Evergreen State College nke afọ 2014 họọrọ LaDuke ka ọ bụrụ onye isi okwu. O kwuru okwu ya mgbe ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na June 13, 2014.[6]
N'afọ 2016, LaDuke sonyere na ngagharị iwe Dakota Access Pipeline, na-ekere òkè n'ogige ndị na-eguzogide ya na North Dakota ma na-agwa ndị mgbasa ozi okwu banyere okwu ahụ.
Na July 2019 National Audubon Convention na Milwaukee, LaDuke nyere isi okwu na mmelite na mbọ iji kwụsị paịpụ Sandpiper, paịpụ ndị ọzọ, na ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị nso na mmiri Ojibwe na site na Leech Lake Reservation. Ọ gbara onye ọ bụla ume ka ọ bụrụ onye na-echebe mmiri ma kwado ikike ha.[7]
N'afọ 2020 na 2021, ọ bụ onye ndú nke ngagharị iwe megide paịpụ Line 3.[8][9][10]
N'afọ 1996 na 2000, LaDuke gbara ọsọ dị ka osote onye isi ala na Ralph Nader na tiketi Green Party. Ọ kwadoghị site na kansụl agbụrụ ọ bụla ma ọ bụ gọọmentị agbụrụ ndị ọzọ. LaDuke kwadoro tiketi Democratic Party maka onye isi ala na osote onye isi ala n'afọ 2004, 2008, na 2012.[11][12][13]
N'afọ 2016, Robert Satiacum, Jr., onye na-enweghị okwukwe si Washington, tụbara vootu onye isi ala ya maka onye na-eme ihe ike nke Native American Faith Spotted Eagle na vootu osote onye isi ala maka LaDuke, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Green Party mbụ na nwanyị American mbụ natara vootu Electoral College maka osote onyeisiala.[14]
WELRP arụwo ọrụ iji mee ka ịkọ ugbo na owuwe ihe ubi nke osikapa ọhịa, nri ọdịnala Ojibwe. Ọ na-emepụta ma na-ere nri ọdịnala na ọrụ aka site na akara ya, Native Harvest.
Honor the Earth bụ otu nkwado mba na-agba ume nkwado ọha na eze na ego maka ndị otu gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na mba na mba ụwa na nsogbu nke mgbanwe ihu igwe, ike na-agbanwe agbanwe, mmepe na-adịgide adịgide, usoro nri na ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi. Ndị otu Honor the Earth na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ngagharị iwe Dakota Access Pipeline.[1]
Na Machị 30, 2023, Ụlọikpe Mpaghara Becker County, Minnesota nyere iwu ka Honor the Earth na LaDuke kwụọ onye ọrụ mbụ $ 750,000 maka mmebi na mkpesa mmekọahụ na mmegbu, dabere na omume sitere na 2015. LaDuke gbara arụkwaghịm n'òtù ahụ n'April 5, 2023, na-ekweta na ọ nweghị ike ichebe ndị a na-enye nsogbu mmekọahụ.[15]
LaDuke na-arụ ọrụ n'ugbo hemp dị hekta iri anọ na isii na White Earth Indian Reservation, na-akụ ụdị hemp sitere na mpaghara dị iche iche nke ụwa, akwụkwọ nri na ụtaba.[16][17] O kwuru na ọ tụgharịrị gaa n'ọrụ ugbo hemp mgbe a gbara ya ume ka ọ nyochaa omume ahụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ ma na-akwado ikike ya iji mee ka akụ na ụba America pụọ na mmanụ ala.[18] LaDuke akwalitewo uto nke wii wii na hemp ụlọ ọrụ na ala agbụrụ ụmụ amaala maka uru ego na mpaghara nke akụ na ụba.[19][20] Enwere ike iwere ọnọdụ ya dị ka ihe na-ese okwu n'ihi ahụmịhe nke ebe ndị ọzọ, dị ka Oglala Sioux Tribe, bụ ndị DEA wakporo n'ihe gbasara ọrụ ugbo hemp.[21]
N'afọ 1988, LaDuke lụrụ Cree Randy Kapashesit nke Moose Factory, Ontario, Canada. Ha kewara na 1992.[4]
E bipụtara edemede ya na edemede ya n'ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi mba na nke mba ụwa.
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