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Mary Delany mgbe e mesịrị Mary Pendarves (née Granville; 14 Mee 1700 - 15 Eprel 1788) bụ onye England na-ese ihe, onye na-ede akwụkwọ ozi, na bluestocking, [1] nke a maara maka "akwụkwọ-mosaicks" ya na eserese botanic, agịga na akwụkwọ ozi ya dị egwu.
| ụdịekere | nwanyị  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | Kingdom of Great Britain |
| aha n'asụsụ obodo | Mary Granville Delany |
| aha enyere | Mary |
| aha ezinụlọ ya | Granville, Pendarves, Delany |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 14 Mee 1700 |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | Wiltshire |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | 15 Eprel 1788 |
| Ebe ọ nwụrụ | Windsor |
| Ńnà | Bernard Granville |
| Ńné | Mary Westcombe |
| Dị/nwunye | Alexander Pendarves, Patrick Delany |
| asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye aka | Bekee |
| Asụsụ ọ na-ede | Bekee |
| ọrụ ọ na-arụ | botanical illustrator, onye ese, odee akwụkwọ, botanist |
| oge ọrụ ya (mmalite) | 1715 |
| Oge ọrụ ya (njedebe) | 1788 |
| Archive na | National Library of Wales |
| Onye òtù nke | Blue Stockings Society |
| gosiputara ya | Mary Delany (née Granville) |
| Nwere ọrụ na mkpokọta | Metropolitan Museum of Art, Yale Center for British Art |
| ikike nwebiisinka dị ka onye okike | copyrights on works have expired |
| omenkà faịlụ na | Smithsonian American Art and Portrait Gallery Library |
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A mụrụ Mary Delany na Coulston, Wiltshire, [2] nwa nwanyị nke Colonel Bernard Granville site n'alụmdi na nwunye ya na Mary Westcombe, ndị na-akwado Tory nke Stuart Crown. Ọ bụ nwa nwanne George Granville, 1st Baron Lansdowne, nwanne nna ya.
Mary nwere otu nwanne nwoke tọrọ ya, Bernard (1699), nke a maara dị ka Bunny; nwanne nwoke nke obere Bevil, amụrụ n'etiti 1702 na 1706; na nwanne nwanyị, Anne (1707) onye lụrụ John Dewes (D'Ewes).[3][4]
Mgbe Mary dị obere, ndị mụrụ ya kwagara ezinụlọ ya na London, ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ nke onye France gbara ọsọ ndụ, Mademoiselle Puelle, kụziiri. Mary bịara na mkpakọrịta chiri anya n'ụlọ ikpe mgbe e zigara ya ka ya na nwanne nne ya, Lady Stanley, onye na-enweghị nwa [5] - ebumnuche bụ na ọ ga-emesị bụrụ Maid of Honour . [6]
Mgbe ya na Lady Stanley bi, Mary mụtara "Bekee, French, akụkọ ihe mere eme, egwu, ọrụ agịga na ịgba egwú...".[6] [7] zutere Handel mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ, na-ege egwu o dere; n'oge ndụ ya niile ọ bụ ezigbo enyi na onye na-akwado onye dere ya. Olileanya Mary ịghọ nwanyị na-echere ka ọnwụ Queen Anne na 1714, nke dugara na mgbanwe n'ike, na onye Hanoverian n'ocheeze, nke Ndị Whigs kwadoro. Ndị Granvilles kwagara n'otu ụlọ dị na Buckland na Gloucestershire, ebe ha kewapụrụ onwe ha n'etiti ndị England. Otú [6] dị, Mary nwere ike ịga n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na ịchụso akwụkwọ, nke malitere na nwata.
N'ihe dị ka ngwụcha afọ 1717, a kpọrọ Mary ka ọ nọrọ na nwanne nna ya, Lord Lansdowne, na Wiltshire. A kọwaara ya Alexander Pendarves n'oge a nọrọ, n'oge na-adịghịkwa anya, o doro anya na ezinụlọ ya nwere mmasị n'alụmdi na nwunye n'etiti ha abụọ. Pendarves bụ onye omeiwu maka Launceston na afọ 60, mgbe Mary dị afọ 17.
[6] Febụwarị 1718 ọ lụrụ ya n'enweghị obi ụtọ, alụmdi na nwunye nke ndị mụrụ ya dabere na ego na Lord Lansdowne, na olileanya Lord Lansdown inweta mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.
Ndị Pendarveses hapụrụ Roscrow Castle dị nso na Cornwall" id="mwPw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Falmouth, Cornwall">Falmouth na ọdịda anyanwụ Cornwall n'ọnwa Eprel; ozugbo ha biri, Oriakụ Pendarves nwere ike ịnụ ụtọ echiche Roscrow nyere, ma nwee ike iji oge na-agba ịnyịnya. [8] gout nke Maazị Pendarves kara ụtọ ka afọ na-aga n'ihu, na n'afọ nke abụọ nke alụmdi na nwunye ha, a manyere Oriakụ Pendarves inye di ya na-arịa ọrịa ara, ma jiri oge ya na-akwa akwa na-ese okooko osisi. N'afọ 1721, ha abụọ gara ụlọ na London ma n'ebe ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na Maazị Pendarves malitere ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè, Oriakụ Pendarves zutere ọtụtụ ndị enyi ochie ya. [6]'afọ 1725, Maazị Pendarves nwụrụ na mberede n'ụra ya. Ọ gbanwebeghị testament ya mgbe ọ lụsịrị di, ya mere Oriakụ Pendarves eketaghị ihe fọdụrụ n'ihe onwunwe ya. [9]"Maazị Pendarves, na-echegbu onwe ya banyere karama nke nyere ya ohere ichefu ọnwụ nke akụkụ nke akụ ya, enweghị oge iji tụlee idozi ya fọdụrụ na nwunye ya. "
N'agbanyeghị enweghị ihe onwunwe ya, ịbụ nwanyị di ya nwụrụ nyere ohere ọhụrụ maka Oriakụ Pendarves. Ndị inyom di ha nwụrụ, n'adịghị ka ụmụ nwanyị na-alụbeghị di, nwere ike ịkwaga n'enweghị nsogbu n'etiti ọha mmadụ, na nke mbụ na ndụ ya, Oriakụ Pendarves nwere ike ịchụso ọdịmma nke ya n'enweghị nlekọta nke nwoke ọ bụla. Ikekwe n'ihi alụmdi na nwunye ya na-enweghị obi ụtọ, o nweghị afọ ojuju na nhọrọ ụmụ nwanyị nwere na narị afọ nke 18. O dere, Oriakụ Pendarves [10] nwanyị nwere nghọta, "Ọ na-ekpe ihe niile na onye ọ bụla ikpe maka onwe ya; na, mgbe ọ na-akwa ihe niile na-enweghị isi ma ọ bụ ihe efu ọchị, ma ọ bụ ejiji ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị mma, ọ dị njikere mgbe niile ịja ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ eziokwu ma kwesị ekwesị. Ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi n'inweta ihe ọmụma nke ụdị niile ruo ọgwụgwụ ndụ ya..."
N'ihi na o nweghị ụlọ nke ya, mgbe di mbụ ya nwụsịrị, Oriakụ Pendarves nọrọ oge na ndị ikwu na ndị enyi dị iche iche bi. Otu enyi bara ọgaranya, Duchess nke Portland, gụnyere Mary na "Hive" ya na nka na sayensị ebe ọ zutere Joseph Banks, onye na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ, ọ gara n'ụlọ ya iji hụ ihe nlele na eserese sitere na njem ya na Captain Cook. [8] zụlitere osisi, na-ese ma na-ese ihe osise ndị a dị iche iche.
Na mbido, ya na nwanne nne ya na nwanne nna ya Stanley biri, mgbe nwanne nne ya nwụsịrị, ya na ezinụlọ enyi ya Mrs Donellan nọrọ oge na Ireland. Na Ireland, Oriakụ Pendarves matara Dr Patrick Delany, onye ụkọchukwu Irish nke lụrụla nwanyị di ya nwụrụ bara ọgaranya, Margaret Tenison. Ọ bụghị ruo na 1743, afọ abụọ mgbe nwunye mbụ ya nwụsịrị, na njem gaa London Dr Delany rịọrọ Mrs Pendarves, nke mere ka ezinụlọ ya nwee nkụda mmụọ. Ha lụrụ na June 1743. [6]
Delanys nọrọ otu afọ na London tupu ha akwaga Dublin, ebe Dr Delany nwere ụlọ. Ha gbazitekwara Mount Panther na County Down [11] ma n'afọ mbụ ha n'ụlọ ahụ, e mere Patrick Dean of Down. [12] Ma di ma nwunye nwere mmasị dị ukwuu na botany na ubi: Mgbe afọ iri abụọ [13] ise nke alụmdi na nwunye gasịrị, ihe ka ukwuu n'ime ya nọrọ na Ireland, Dr Delany nwụrụ na Bath, England, na 6 Mee 1768 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asatọ na anọ, na Oriakụ Delany, ugbu a iri isii na asatọ, chọtara onwe ya ọzọ dị ka nwanyị di ya nwụrụ.
Dị ka nwanyị di ya nwụrụ, Mary Delany nọrọ ọbụna karịa oge ya na Bulstrode, ụlọ ezigbo enyi ya, Margaret Bentinck, Dowager Duchess of Portland. Ha abụọ nwere mmasị na botany, na-apụtakarị ịchọ ụdị ụfọdụ. Ọ bụ n'oge ọ na-anọkarị na Bulstrode ka Mary matara ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ abụọ a ma ama n'oge ahụ: Joseph Banks na Daniel Solander. Mmekọrịt[6] a na ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ kpaliri mmasị Mary nwere na botany ma mepụta ihe ọmụma nke ọtụtụ akwụkwọ okooko osisi ya dabeere na ya.
Mary Delany nwụrụ na 15 Eprel 1788. E nwere ihe ncheta ya na St James's Church, Piccadilly.
Mary Delany abụwo onye na-ese ihe mgbe niile, mana n'oge ọ lụrụ Dr Delany, o nwere oge iji zụlite nkà ya. Ọ bụkwa onye na-elekọta ubi, ma na-arụ ọrụ ịkpụ ihe, ise ihe, na ise ihe; mana a maara ya nke ọma maka ịkpụ akwụkwọ ya:
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