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Ikpe ihu igwe
Usoro iwu pụtara iji dozie mgbanwe Ihu Igwe site na ikpe ikpe / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ikpe mgbanwe ihu igwe, nke a makwaara dị ka ikpe ihu ọha, bụ usoro iwu gburugburu ebe obibi na-apụta site na iji usoro ikpe setịpụ iwu ikpe iji mee ka mbọ ndị ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze na ụlọ akwụkwọ na gọọmentị na ndị ọzọ na ya na mgbanwe mgbanwe ọnọdụ ihu ọma. N'okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị nwayọọ nke mgbanwe ihu igwe na-egbu oge nkwụsị mgbanwe ihu igwe, ndị na-eme ihe ike na ndị ọkàiwu amụbawo mgbalị iji jiri usoro ikpe nke mba na nke mba na-aga n'ihu na mgbalị ahụ. Mkpebi gbasara ihu igwe na-etinyekarị aka n'otu n'ime ụdị ise nke ebubo iwu. Iwu (gbadoro anya na mmebi nke ikike iwu obodo site na steeti), wu nhazi (na-ama aka iru eru nke ime mkpebi nchịkwa), iwu nzuzo (ụlọ ọrụ na-ama aka). ma ọ bụ òtù ndị ọzọ maka nleghara anya, mkpasu iwe, wdg, aghụghọ ma ọ bụ nchebe ndị ahịa (ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-ama aka maka ịkọwahie ozi gbasara mmetụta ihu igwe), ma ọ bụ ikike mmadụ (na-azọrọ na ọdịda ime mgbanwe ihu igwe adịghị echebe ikike mmadụ).[2][3][4]
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Kemgbe mmalite afọ 2000, usoro iwu maka ịlụso mgbanwe ihu igwe ọgụ ejirila iwu dịnụ, na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke ikpe ụlọ ikpe emeela ka iwu mba ụwa jikọta omume ihu ọha na ihe ịma aka iwu, metụtara iwu iwu usoro, iwu nchịkwa, ikike onwe onye, Iwu nchedo ndị ahịa ma ọ bụ ikike mmadụ.[2] Ọtụtụ n'ime ikpe na usoro ndị na-aga nke ọma lekwasịrị anya n"ịkwalite mkpa nke ikpe ziri ezi ihu igwe na mmegharị ihu ọha ndị ntorobịa.[5] Kemgbe afọ 2015, e nweela ihe na-eme n'iji arụmụka gbasara ikike mmadụ na ikpe ikpe ihu igwe.[6]
Ikpe ikpe ihu igwe dị elu e wetara megide steeti gụnyere Leghari v. Pakistan, Juliana v.[7] United States (ha abụọ 2015), Urgenda v. Netherlands (2019), na Neubauer v. Germany (2021)., ebe Milieudefensie v Royal Dutch Shell (2021) bụ ikpe kachasị elu megide ụlọ ọrụ ruo ugbu a.[8][9][10][11][12] Ndị na-etinye ego na coal, mmanụ, na ụlọ ọrụ gas nwere ike ịbụ ndị iwu na omume maka mmebi ikike mmadụ metụtara ihu igwe, ọ bụ ezie na mkpebi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nwere ikike igbochi ha itinye aka na mmejọ dị otú ahụ.[13][14] A na-emekarị ikpe site na ijikọ mgbalị na ihe onwunwe dịka site n'aka òtù dị ka Greenpeace, dị na Green Peace Poland nke gbara ụlọ ọrụ coal na greenpeace Germany nke kpere onye na'emepụta ụgbọ ala akwụkwọ.[15][16]
E nwere usoro na-arịwanye elu nke ikpe ndị na'ime ihe ịga nke ọma na ụlọ ikpe ụwa.[17] Akụkọ ikpe nke UN nke afọ 2017 chọpụtara ikpe 884 na mba 24, gụnyere ikpe 654 dị na United States na ikpe 230 na Mba ndị ọzọ niile. Ka ọ na-erule Julaị 1, 2020, ọnụ ọgụgụ ikpe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ mụbaa okpukpu abụọ ruo ma ọ dịkarịa ala 1,550 ikpe mgbanwe ihu igwe tinyere na mba 38 (39 gụnyere ụlọ ikpe nke European Union), na ihe dịka ikpe 1,200 tinyere ya na US na karịa 350 tinyere aha na Mba ndị ọzọ niile.[18] A na-atụ anya na ọnụ ọgụgụ ikpe ga-anọgide na ịrị elu na 2020s.[19]