Sikuda

Sikuda ;
	Lethrinus ornatus
	;
Status konservasi
	Risiko rendah
IUCN	16720345
Taksonomi
	Galat Lua: callParserFunction: function "Template" was not found.
Spesies	Lethrinus ornatus ;

Sikuda (Lethrinus ornatus) atau Lencam matahari adalah sejenis ikan yang termasuk dalam keluarga lencam (Lethrinidae).^[1]^[2]

Fakta Singkat Sikuda, Status konservasi ...

Tutup

Panjangnya bisa mencapai maksimal 45 cm.
10 duri dan 9 ruas terdapat pada sirip punggung serta 3 duri dan 8 ruas pada sirip dubur.^[2]
Warna tubuhnya keputihan gelap (lebih terang di perut) dengan empat atau enam garis jingga. Kepalanya berwarna cokelat atau perunggu. Sirip dada berwarna jingga, sedangkan bagian panggul, anus, dan sebagian besar punggung berwarna keputih-putihan.
Tepian sirip punggung dan sirip ekor berwarna kemerahan.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Ikan ini memakan krustasea, moluska, echinodermata, polychaeta dan ikan yang lebih kecil.^[3]

Ini adalah ikan laut yang menghuni terumbu karang^[6] di wilayah beriklim tropis (30°LU-19°LS) yang hidup hingga kedalaman 30 m.^[2]^[3]^[7]

Ikan ini ditemukan mulai dari Maladewa^[8] dan Sri Lanka^[9] lalu ke Kepulauan Ryukyu,^[10]^[11] Papua Nugini^[12] dan Australia timur laut.^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23]^[24]^[25]^[26]^[27]^[28]^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38]^[39]^[40]

[1]
The Taxonomicon (en anglès)
[2]
Nuralam, Malina Mega; Hernawati, Diana; Agustian, Dita (2023-03-13). Keanekaragaman Jenis Ikan Tangkap TPI Pamayangsari. Bayfa Cendekia Indonesia. ISBN 978-623-5900-51-3.
[3]
FishBase (Inggris)
[4]
Kuiter, R.H. i T. Tonozuka, 2001. Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 1. Eels- Snappers, Muraenidae - Lutjanidae. Zoonetics, Austràlia. 302 p.
[5]
Carpenter, K.E. i G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Species Synop. Núm. 125(9):118 p.
[6]
Hardy, J.D. Jr., 2003. Coral reef fish species. NOAA\National Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. Estats Units. 537 p.
[7]
Myers, R.F., 1999. Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 330 p.
[8]
Anderson, R.C., J.E. Randall i R.H. Kuiter, 1998. New records of fishes from the Maldive Islands, with notes on other species. Ichthyol. Bull. 67(2):20-36.
[9]
De Bruin, G.H.P., B.C. Russell i A. Bogusch, 1995. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The marine fishery resources of Sri Lanka. Roma, FAO. 400 p.
[10]
Nakamura, Y., M. Horinouchi, T. Nakai i M. Sano, 2003. Food habits of fishes in a seagrass bed on a fringing coral reef at Iriomote Island, southern Japan. Ichthyol. Res. 50:15-22.
[11]
Templat:Fishes of the Japanese Archipelago
[12]
Kailola, P.J., 1987. The fishes of Papua New Guinea: a revised and annotated checklist. Vol. II Scorpaenidae to Callionymidae. Research Bulletin Núm. 41, Research Section, Dept. of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Papua Nova Guinea.
[13]
Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton i G.R. Allen, 2006. Fishes. A Beasley, O.L. i A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volum 35. ABRS & CSIRO Publishing: Australia Part 1, pp. xxiv 1-670; Part 2, pp. xxi 671-1472; Part 3, pp. xxi 1473-2178.
[14]
Gloerfelt-Tarp, T. i P.J. Kailola, 1984. Trawled fishes of southern Indonesia and northwestern Australia. Australian Development Assistance Bureau, Austràlia, Directorate General of Fishes, Indonèsia, and German Agency for Technical Cooperation, República Federal d'Alemanya. 407 p.
[15]
FishBase (Inggris)
[16]
Allen, G.R. i M. Adrim, 2003. Coral reef fishes of Indonesia. Zool. Stud. 42(1):1-72.
[17]
Allen, G.R. i P.L. Munday, 1994. Kimbe Bay rapid ecological assessment: the coral reefs of Kimbe Bay (West New Britain, Papua New Guinea), Volum 3: Fish diversity of Kimbe Bay. The Nature Conservancy, South Pacific program Office, Auckland, Nova Zelanda. 107 p.
[18]
Chen, C.-H., 2004. Checklist of the fishes of Penghu. FRI Special Publication. Núm. 4. 175 p.
[19]
Chen, J.-P., K.-T. Shao i C.-P. Lin, 1995. A checklist of reef fishes from the Tungsha Tao (Pratas Island), South China Sea. Acta Zoologica Taiwanica 6(2):13-40.
[20]
De la Paz, R.M., N. Aragones i D. Agulto, 1988. Coral-reef fishes off western Calatagan, Batangas (Luzon Island, Philippines) with notes on new and rare captures and controversial taxa. Philipp. J. Sci. 117:237-318.
[21]
Elameto, J.M., 1975. Carolinian names of common fishes in Saipan, Mariana Islands. Micronesia 11(1):1-5.
[22]
Ganaden, S.R. i F. Lavapie-Gonzales, 1999. Common and local names of marine fishes of the Philippines. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Filipines. 385 p.
[23]
Herre, A.W.C.T., 1953. Check list of Philippine fishes. Res. Rep. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv., (20): 977 p.
[24]
Herre, A.W.C.T. i A.F. Umali, 1948. English and local common names of Philippine fishes. U. S. Dept. of Interior and Fish and Wildl. Serv. Circular Núm. 14, U. S. Gov't Printing Office, Washington. 128 p.
[25]
Huang, Z., 2001. Marine species and their distribution in China's seas. p. 404- 463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, Estats Units. 598 p.
[26]
Kapoor, D., R. Dayal i A.G. Ponniah, 2002. Fish biodiversity of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Lucknow, Índia. 775 p.
[27]
Lieske, E. i R. Myers, 1994. Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p.
[28]
McManus, J.W., C.L. Nañola, Jr., R.B. Reyes, Jr. i K.N. Kesner, 1992. Resource ecology of the Bolinao coral reef system. ICLARM Stud. Rev. 22:117 p.
[29]
Mohsin, A.K.M. i M.A. Ambak, 1996. Marine fishes and fisheries of Malaysia and neighbouring countries. University of Pertanian Malaysia Press, Serdang, Malàisia. 744 p.
[30]
Monkolprasit, S., S. Sontirat, S. Vimollohakarn i T. Songsirikul, 1997. Checklist of Fishes in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Tailàndia. 353 p.
[31]
Nguyen, N.T. i V.Q. Nguyen, 2006. Biodiversity and living resources of the coral reef fishes in Vietnam marine waters. Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi.
[32]
Ni, I.-H. i K.-Y. Kwok, 1999 Marine fish fauna in Hong Kong waters. Zool. Stud. 38(2):130-152.
[33]
Randall, J.E. i K.K.P. Lim (eds.), 2000. A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. Raffles Bull. Zool. Suppl. (8):569-667.
[34]
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen i R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p.
[35]
Rau, N. i A. Rau, 1980. Commercial marine fishes of the Central Philippines (bony fish). German Agency for Technical Cooperation, Alemanya. 623 pp.
[36]
Schuster, W.H. i R. Djajadiredja, 1952. Local common names of Indonesian fishes. W.V. Hoeve, Bandung, Indonèsia. 276 p.
[37]
Shao, K.-T., J.-P. Chen, P.-H. Kao i C.-Y. Wu, 1993. Fish fauna and their geographical distribution along the western coast of Taiwan. Acata Zoologica Taiwanica 4(2): 113-140.
[38]
Shen, S.C. (ed.), 1993. Fishes of Taiwan. Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei. 960 p.
[39]
Talwar, P.K. i R.K. Kacker, 1984. Commercial sea fishes of India. Zoological Survey of India, Calcuta. 997 p.
[40]
Werner, T.B. i G.R. Allen, 2000. A rapid marine biodiversity assessment of the Calamianes Islands, Palawan province, Philippines. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 17. Washington DC, Estats Units:Conservation International.

Divisió de Peixos de la Smithsonian Institution. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del Museu Nacional d'Història Natural (en anglès). Smithsonian Institution, 2001.
Anònim, 2002. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West, NY 10024-5192, Estats Units.
Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba i K.E. Carpenter, 1994. SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). Núm. 9. Roma, FAO. 103 p.
Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao i C.F. Lai (eds.), 1999. Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan.

[1] [1]
The Taxonomicon (en anglès)

[:0-2] [2]
Nuralam, Malina Mega; Hernawati, Diana; Agustian, Dita (2023-03-13). Keanekaragaman Jenis Ikan Tangkap TPI Pamayangsari. Bayfa Cendekia Indonesia. ISBN 978-623-5900-51-3.

[FishBase4-3] [3]
FishBase (Inggris)

[4] [4]
Kuiter, R.H. i T. Tonozuka, 2001. Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 1. Eels- Snappers, Muraenidae - Lutjanidae. Zoonetics, Austràlia. 302 p.

[5] [5]
Carpenter, K.E. i G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Species Synop. Núm. 125(9):118 p.

[6] [6]
Hardy, J.D. Jr., 2003. Coral reef fish species. NOAA\National Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. Estats Units. 537 p.

[7] [7]
Myers, R.F., 1999. Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 330 p.

[8] [8]
Anderson, R.C., J.E. Randall i R.H. Kuiter, 1998. New records of fishes from the Maldive Islands, with notes on other species. Ichthyol. Bull. 67(2):20-36.

[9] [9]
De Bruin, G.H.P., B.C. Russell i A. Bogusch, 1995. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The marine fishery resources of Sri Lanka. Roma, FAO. 400 p.

[10] [10]
Nakamura, Y., M. Horinouchi, T. Nakai i M. Sano, 2003. Food habits of fishes in a seagrass bed on a fringing coral reef at Iriomote Island, southern Japan. Ichthyol. Res. 50:15-22.

[11] [11]
Templat:Fishes of the Japanese Archipelago

[12] [12]
Kailola, P.J., 1987. The fishes of Papua New Guinea: a revised and annotated checklist. Vol. II Scorpaenidae to Callionymidae. Research Bulletin Núm. 41, Research Section, Dept. of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Papua Nova Guinea.

[13] [13]
Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton i G.R. Allen, 2006. Fishes. A Beasley, O.L. i A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volum 35. ABRS & CSIRO Publishing: Australia Part 1, pp. xxiv 1-670; Part 2, pp. xxi 671-1472; Part 3, pp. xxi 1473-2178.

[14] [14]
Gloerfelt-Tarp, T. i P.J. Kailola, 1984. Trawled fishes of southern Indonesia and northwestern Australia. Australian Development Assistance Bureau, Austràlia, Directorate General of Fishes, Indonèsia, and German Agency for Technical Cooperation, República Federal d'Alemanya. 407 p.

[FishBase6-15] [15]
FishBase (Inggris)

[16] [16]
Allen, G.R. i M. Adrim, 2003. Coral reef fishes of Indonesia. Zool. Stud. 42(1):1-72.

[17] [17]
Allen, G.R. i P.L. Munday, 1994. Kimbe Bay rapid ecological assessment: the coral reefs of Kimbe Bay (West New Britain, Papua New Guinea), Volum 3: Fish diversity of Kimbe Bay. The Nature Conservancy, South Pacific program Office, Auckland, Nova Zelanda. 107 p.

[18] [18]
Chen, C.-H., 2004. Checklist of the fishes of Penghu. FRI Special Publication. Núm. 4. 175 p.

[19] [19]
Chen, J.-P., K.-T. Shao i C.-P. Lin, 1995. A checklist of reef fishes from the Tungsha Tao (Pratas Island), South China Sea. Acta Zoologica Taiwanica 6(2):13-40.

[20] [20]
De la Paz, R.M., N. Aragones i D. Agulto, 1988. Coral-reef fishes off western Calatagan, Batangas (Luzon Island, Philippines) with notes on new and rare captures and controversial taxa. Philipp. J. Sci. 117:237-318.

[21] [21]
Elameto, J.M., 1975. Carolinian names of common fishes in Saipan, Mariana Islands. Micronesia 11(1):1-5.

[22] [22]
Ganaden, S.R. i F. Lavapie-Gonzales, 1999. Common and local names of marine fishes of the Philippines. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Filipines. 385 p.

[23] [23]
Herre, A.W.C.T., 1953. Check list of Philippine fishes. Res. Rep. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv., (20): 977 p.

[24] [24]
Herre, A.W.C.T. i A.F. Umali, 1948. English and local common names of Philippine fishes. U. S. Dept. of Interior and Fish and Wildl. Serv. Circular Núm. 14, U. S. Gov't Printing Office, Washington. 128 p.

[25] [25]
Huang, Z., 2001. Marine species and their distribution in China's seas. p. 404- 463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, Estats Units. 598 p.

[26] [26]
Kapoor, D., R. Dayal i A.G. Ponniah, 2002. Fish biodiversity of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Lucknow, Índia. 775 p.

[27] [27]
Lieske, E. i R. Myers, 1994. Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p.

[28] [28]
McManus, J.W., C.L. Nañola, Jr., R.B. Reyes, Jr. i K.N. Kesner, 1992. Resource ecology of the Bolinao coral reef system. ICLARM Stud. Rev. 22:117 p.

[29] [29]
Mohsin, A.K.M. i M.A. Ambak, 1996. Marine fishes and fisheries of Malaysia and neighbouring countries. University of Pertanian Malaysia Press, Serdang, Malàisia. 744 p.

[30] [30]
Monkolprasit, S., S. Sontirat, S. Vimollohakarn i T. Songsirikul, 1997. Checklist of Fishes in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Tailàndia. 353 p.

[31] [31]
Nguyen, N.T. i V.Q. Nguyen, 2006. Biodiversity and living resources of the coral reef fishes in Vietnam marine waters. Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi.

[32] [32]
Ni, I.-H. i K.-Y. Kwok, 1999 Marine fish fauna in Hong Kong waters. Zool. Stud. 38(2):130-152.

[33] [33]
Randall, J.E. i K.K.P. Lim (eds.), 2000. A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. Raffles Bull. Zool. Suppl. (8):569-667.

[34] [34]
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen i R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p.

[35] [35]
Rau, N. i A. Rau, 1980. Commercial marine fishes of the Central Philippines (bony fish). German Agency for Technical Cooperation, Alemanya. 623 pp.

[36] [36]
Schuster, W.H. i R. Djajadiredja, 1952. Local common names of Indonesian fishes. W.V. Hoeve, Bandung, Indonèsia. 276 p.

[37] [37]
Shao, K.-T., J.-P. Chen, P.-H. Kao i C.-Y. Wu, 1993. Fish fauna and their geographical distribution along the western coast of Taiwan. Acata Zoologica Taiwanica 4(2): 113-140.

[38] [38]
Shen, S.C. (ed.), 1993. Fishes of Taiwan. Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei. 960 p.

[39] [39]
Talwar, P.K. i R.K. Kacker, 1984. Commercial sea fishes of India. Zoological Survey of India, Calcuta. 997 p.

[40] [40]
Werner, T.B. i G.R. Allen, 2000. A rapid marine biodiversity assessment of the Calamianes Islands, Palawan province, Philippines. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 17. Washington DC, Estats Units:Conservation International.

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

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[7]

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[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

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Sikuda

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Ciri-ciri fisik

Mangsa

Habitat

Sebaran geografis

Rujukan

Bacaan lanjut

Sikuda
Lethrinus ornatus

Status konservasi


Risiko rendah
IUCN	16720345

Taksonomi
Galat Lua: callParserFunction: function "Template" was not found.
Spesies	Lethrinus ornatus