Penaklukan militer pada masa Umar

Umar adalah khalifah Kekhalifahan Rasyidin kedua dan memerintah selama 634–644. Kekhalifahan Umar terkenal karena penaklukan yang luas. Dengan dibantu oleh komandan lapangan yang brilian, ia mampu menggabungkan Irak, Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Suriah, Yordania, Palestina, Lebanon, Mesir, dan bagian dari Afghanistan, Turkmenistan dan Pakistan barat daya ke dalam Khilafah. Selama masa pemerintahannya, Bizantium kehilangan lebih dari tiga perempat wilayah mereka dan di Persia, dan Umar adalah raja (penguasa) Kekaisaran Sassaniyah sebelum gelar itu dihapuskan.^[1] Sejarawan memperkirakan lebih dari 4.050 kota ditaklukkan pada masa pemerintahan Umar.^[2]

Fakta Singkat Umar, Lokasi ...

Umar

634–644

Pemerintahan Umar mencapai puncaknya pada tahun 644.

Lokasi

Kekhalifahan Rasyidin

Penguasa

Umar bin Khattab

Peristiwa penting

Kronologi

Perang Riddah

Kampanye Utsman

Tutup

Informasi lebih lanjut Umar bin Khattab ...

Umar bin Khattab
artikel ini merupakan bagian dari seri

Jabatan Islam Sunni Khulafaur Rasyidin 634–644 Reformasi era Umar Pakta Umar Jaminan Umar Penaklukan militer pada masa Umar Wabah Amwas Pembunuhan
Keluarga Khattab bin Nufail (ayah) Abdullah bin Umar (anak laki-laki) Zaid bin Umar (anak laki-laki) Ubaidillah bin Umar (anak laki-laki) Ashim bin Umar (anak laki-laki) Hafshah binti Umar (anak perempuan)
Pandangan Pandangan Sunni tentang Umar Sepuluh orang yang dijanjikan masuk surga Pandangan Syiah tentang Umar
Artikel terkait Perjanjian Hudaibiyah Kekhalifahan Rasyidin Suksesi Muhammad Serangan pada rumah Fatimah
Kategori Portal Islam
l b s

Tutup

Referensi

Bibliografi

Wikiwand in your browser!

Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.

Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.

Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.

Wikiwand for Chrome

Wikiwand for Edge

Wikiwand for Firefox

Al-Baladhuri (1916). Hitti, Philip Khuri, ed. The Origins of the Islamic State, Volume 1. London: Columbia University, Longmans, Green & Co. OCLC 622246259.
al-Dhahabi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad; Al Arna'ut, Shuaib; Al-Arqsoussi, Muhammad Naim (1982). Siyar a'lam Nubala part I. ktab INC. Diakses tanggal 19 November 2021.
al-Maghlouth, Sami ibn Abdullah (2015). أطلس الفتوحات الإسلامية [Atlas of Islamic Conquests] (edisi ke-Sami ibn Abdullah al Maghlouth). al 'Abkan publishing. ISBN 978-9960548517. Diakses tanggal 12 November 2021.
Allenby, Viscount (2003), Conquerors of Palestine Through Forty Centuries, Kessinger Publishing, ISBN 0-7661-3984-0
Bosworth, C. E. (1983). "Abnāʾ". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 3. hlm. 226–228.
Baladhuri, Ahmad bin Yahya bin Jabir (1996). "كتاب أنساب الأشراف" [book of Lineage of the Nobles]. Maktaba. Dar al Fikri. Diakses tanggal 13 November 2021.
Baloch, Nabi Bakhsh Khan (July 1946). "The Probable Date of the First Arab Expeditions to India". Islamic Culture. 20 (3): 250–266.
Baloch, Nabi Bakhsh (October 1953). "Muhammad ibn al-Qasim: A Study of His Family Background and Personality". Islamic Culture.
Burns, Ross (2007) [2005]. Damascus: A History. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-48849-0.
Butler, Alfred (1902). The Arab Conquest of Egypt and the Last Thirty Years of the Roman Dominion. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Canard, M. (1965). "Al-Djazīra". Dalam Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch.; Schacht, J. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume II: C–G (edisi ke-2). Leiden: E. J. Brill. hlm. 523–524. OCLC 495469475. OCLC 192262392
Donner, Fred (July 14, 2014). The Early Islamic Conquests (edisi ke-electronic). Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400847877. Diakses tanggal 12 October 2021.
Frastuti, Melia (2020). "Reformasi Sistem Administrasi Pemerintahan, Penakhlukkan di Darat Dan Dilautan Pada Era Bani Umayyah". Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi Hukum Syariah. 6 (2): 119–127. doi:10.37567/shar-e.v6i2.227. Diakses tanggal 27 October 2021.
Haase, C. P. (1997). "Sumaysāṭ". Dalam Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P.; Lecomte, G. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume IX: San–Sze (edisi ke-2). Leiden: E. J. Brill. hlm. 871–872. ISBN 978-90-04-10422-8.
Haykal, Muhammad Husayn (1944). Al Farooq, Umar.
Hendrickx, Benjamin (2012). "THE BORDER TROOPS OF THE ROMAN-BYZANTINE SOUTHERN EGYPTIAN LIMES: PROBLEMS AND REMARKS ON THE ROLE OF THE AFRICAN AND 'BLACK' AFRICAN MILITARY UNITS". Ekklesiastikos Pharos. 94. hdl:10520/EJC128657. Diakses tanggal 13 November 2021.
Hinds, Martin (1996). Studies in Early Islamic History. Darwin Press. ISBN 978-0-87850-109-0.
Honigmann, M. (1995). "Raʾs al-ʿAyn". Dalam Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P.; Lecomte, G. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume VIII: Ned–Sam (edisi ke-2). Leiden: E. J. Brill. hlm. 433–435. ISBN 978-90-04-09834-3.
Ṭabarī, Abū Ğa`far Muḥammad ibn Ğarīr; Humphreys, R Stephen (1990). The History of al-Ṭabarī : (Ta'rīkh al-rusul wa-al-mulūk), The Crisis of the Early Caliphate : The Reign of Uthman, A.D. 644-656/A.H. 24–35. Bibliotheca Persica. 15. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0791401545. OCLC 754956093.
Hoyland, Robert G. (2015). In God's Path: The Arab Conquests and the Creation of an Islamic Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-991636-8.
Ibn Ja'far, Qudamah (1981). الخراج وصناعة الكتابة (edisi ke-First). Baghdad: Dar Al-Rasheed. Diakses tanggal 23 November 2021.
ibn Jarir Tabari, Muhammad (2021). History of al-Tabari part 2. Shia Online Library. Diakses tanggal 19 November 2021.
Ibn Abdullah al-Maghlouth, Sami (2015). أطلس حروب الردة: في عهد الخليفة الراشد أبي بكر الصديق- المغلوث – الصفحة 56 [Atlas of Wars of Apostasy: During the Era of the Rightly Guided Caliph Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq] (dalam bahasa Arabic). ISBN 9786035038249.
ibn Yahya Baladhuri, Ahmad (2021). Futuh al Buldan (Conquest of Countries) revised version:Oman (dalam bahasa Arabic). al-Eman website. Diakses tanggal 25 November 2021.
Ishaq, Mohammad (April 1945). "A Peep Into the First Arab Expeditions to India under the Companions of the Prophet". Islamic Culture. 19 (2): 109–114.
Jabr, Hessa Abdel Rahman (2004). الحياة الاقتصادية في فارس: خلال الفترة من 232-334 هـ/846-945 م [Economic life in Persia : during the period from 232–334 AH / 846–945 AD]. King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies. ISBN 9960726568. Diakses tanggal 19 November 2021.
Khattab, Mahmud Sheet (2010). دة فتح العراق والجزيرة [Leaders of the Conquest of Iraq and Al-Jazeera].
Kennedy, Hugh (2007). The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81740-3.
Malagaris, George (2020). Biruni (dalam bahasa Inggris). India: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-099247-7. Diakses tanggal 29 November 2021.
Meinecke, M. (1995). "Al-Rakka". Dalam Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P.; Lecomte, G. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume VIII: Ned–Sam (edisi ke-2). Leiden: E. J. Brill. hlm. 410–414. ISBN 978-90-04-09834-3.
Meri, Josef W.; Bacharach, Jere L. (2006). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 0203957601. Diakses tanggal 23 October 2021.
Muir, William (1924). "Studies in History, Economics, and Public Law". 68 (2). Columbia University Press.

Nazar, Hussein (1970). "دراسة في قبيلة الأزد - حسين نصار - الصفحة 813 - مجلة العرب، السنة الخامسة، سبتمبر 1970" [A Study of the Azd Tribe-Hussein Nazar]. hlm. 813. Diakses tanggal 20 November 2021.
Norris, H. T. (1986). "THE FUTŪḤ AL-BAHNASĀ: And its relation to pseudo-"Maġāzī" and "Futūḥ" literature, Arabic "Siyar" and Western Chanson de Geste in the Middle Ages". Quaderni di Studi Arabi. 4: 76–78. JSTOR 25802579. Diakses tanggal 8 November 2021.
Nzomiwu, John Paul C. (1989). The history and message of Islam. Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria: Meks-Unique. ISBN 9789782702616. OCLC 9782702617.
Petersen, Leif Inge Ree (2013). Siege Warfare and Military Organization in the Successor States (400-800 AD): Byzantium, the West and Islam. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-25199-1.
Piacentini, Valeria F. (2002). "Arab expeditions overseas in the seventh century AD — working hypotheses on the dissolution of the Sasanian state apparatus along the eastern seaboard of the Arabian Peninsula". Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies. 32: 165–173. JSTOR 41223731.
Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2021). Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran (dalam bahasa Arab). Diterjemahkan oleh Anis Abdel Khaleq Mahmoud. Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies. ISBN 978-6144453704. Diakses tanggal 19 November 2021.
SABIQ, SAYYID (2017). FIQIH SUNNAH 4; quoting Abu Shayban Hadith regarding the spoils of war according to Islam in Mushannad Abi Shayban (dalam bahasa Indonesian). Republika Penerbit. hlm. 458. ISBN 9786020822624. Diakses tanggal 24 November 2021.
Sabiq, Sayyid (2021). Fikih Sunnah – Jilid 5 (Ebook) (dalam bahasa Indonesian). Cakrawala Publishing; quoting Abu Shayban and Abu Dawud. hlm. 84. Diakses tanggal 25 November 2021.
Shoufani, Elias S. (1973). Al-Riddah and the Muslim conquest of Arabia. University of Toronto.
Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir (1992). The History of al-Tabari Vol. 12: The Battle of al-Qadisiyyah and the Conquest of Syria and Palestine A.D. 635-637/A.H. 14-15. Bibliotheca persica. 12 (edisi ke-Yohanan Friedmann). State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791407332. LCCN 87150411.
Elias S. Shoufani: "Al-Riddah and the Muslim conquest of Arabia". Toronto, 1973.
Meir J. Kister: "The struggle against Musaylima and the conquest of Yamama". In: "Jerusalem Studies in and Islam", 27 (2002)
Ella Landau-Tasseron: "The Participation of Tayyi in the Ridda". In: "Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam", 5 (1984)