Gwynedd (pr. [ˈɡwɪnɛð]) adalah salah satu dari negara di Wales yang muncul pada abad ke-5. Kerajaan ini berdasarkan pada tanah suku Britonik di Ordovices, Gangani, dan Deceangli. Antara abad ke-5 hingga abad ke-13 Gwynedd berkembang meliputi Ynys Môn dan seluruh Wales utara antara Sungai Dyfi di selatan dan Sungai Dee (Wales Dyfrdwy) di timur laut.[1]
Teyrnas Gwynedd | |
---|---|
Abad ke-5–1282 | |
Ibu kota | Degannwy, Aberffraw dan Garth Celyn |
Bahasa yang umum digunakan | Wales |
Pemerintahan | Monarki |
• 450 - 460 | Cunedda |
• 520 - 547 | Maelgwn I |
• 625 - 634 | Cadwallon II |
• 1081 - 1137 | Gruffudd I |
• 1137 - 1170 | Owain I |
• 1195 - 1240 | Llywelyn II |
• 1253 - 1282 | Llywelyn III |
Era Sejarah | Abad Pertengahan |
• Didirikan | Abad ke-5 |
• Dianeksasi oleh Inggris | 1282 |
Referensi
- BBC Wales/History, The emergence of the principality of Wales Diarsipkan 2005-03-11 di Wayback Machine. extracted 26 March, 2008
- Bartlett, Robert (2000). England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings: 1075-1225. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-822741-8.
- Barlow, Frank (2000). William Rufus. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-30-008291-6.
- Davies, John (1994). A History of Wales. New York: Penguin. ISBN 0-14-014581-8.
- Davies, John (2002). The Celts. New York: Cassell Illustrated. ISBN 1-841-88188-0.
- Evans, Gwynfor (2004). Cymru O Hud. Abergwyngregyn: Y Lolfa. ISBN 0862435455.
- Morris, John E. (1996). The Welsh Wars of Edward I. Conshohocken, PA.: Combined Books. ISBN 0-938289-67-5.
- Lloyd, J.E (2004). A History of Wales; From the Norman Invasion to the Edwardian Conquest. New York: Barnes & Noble Publishing, Inc. ISBN 0-7607-5241-9.
- Stephenson, David (1984). The governance of Gwynedd. University of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-0850-3.
- Warner, Philip (1997). Famous Welsh Battles. New York: Barnes & Noble Publishing, Inc. ISBN 0-7-607-0466-x Periksa nilai: invalid character
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(bantuan).
Referensi
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