Focke-Wulf Fw 190

Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Würger (bahasa Inggris: Shrike) adalah sebuah pesawat tempur berkursi tunggal dan bermesin tunggal buatan Jerman yang dirancang oleh Kurt Tank pada akhir tahun 1930-an dan digunakan selama Perang Dunia II. Walaupun kalah tenar dengan Bf-109, Fw 190 lebih ditakuti oleh para pilot Sekutu. Bersama dengan Bf-109, Fw 190 menjadi salah satu tulang punggung Jagdwaffe (pasukan tempur) Luftwaffe. Mesin radial BMW 801 yang dipakainya menjadikan Fw 190 mampu untuk terbang pada misi siang hari atau malam hari. Selain itu Fw 190 juga mampu berperan sebagai pesawat tempur-pengebom dan penyerang pasukan darat.

Fw 190
Fw 190A-3 milik Stab. 7./JG2, Juni 1942.[N 1]
Jenis	Pesawat tempur
Pembuat	Kebanyakan di Focke-Wulf Flugzeugbau AG; namun juga di AGO, Arado, Fieseler, Mimetall, Norddeutsche Dornier dan lainnya
Perancang	Kurt Tank
Penerbangan perdana	1 Juni 1939
Diperkenalkan	Agustus 1941
Dipensiunkan	9 Mei 1945 (Luftwaffe) 1949 (Turki)
Pengguna utama	Luftwaffe Angkatan Udara Hungaria Angkatan Udara Turki
Dibuat	1941–1945; 1996: 16 reproduksi
Jumlah	Lebih dari 20.000[2]
Varian	Ta 152

Pesawat ini sempat merajai langit Eropa Barat selama 2 tahun sebelum datangnya pesawat P-51 Mustang. Fw 190 sangat disukai oleh pilotnya, beberapa penerbang ulung Jerman dengan rekor tertinggi banyak meraih skor bunuh dengan pesawat ini, seperti Otto Kittel, Walter Nowotny, dan Erich Rudorffer.

Spesifikasi (Fw 190 A-8)

Ciri-ciri umum

• Kru: 1
• Panjang: 8.95 m (29 ft 4 in)
• Rentang sayap: 10.506 m (34 ft 6 in)
• Tinggi: 3.15 m (10 ft 4 in)
• Luas sayap: 18.3 m² (197 sq ft)
• Airfoil:
  • Root: NACA 23015.3
  • Tip: NACA 23009
• Berat kosong: 3,200 kg (7,055 lb)
• Berat isi: 4,417 kg (9,738 lb)
• Berat maksimum saat lepas landas: 4,900 kg (10,803 lb)
• Kapasitas bahan bakar: 639 L
• Mesin: 1 × Mesin piston radial BMW 801D-2 14-cylinder air-cooled 1,700 PS (1,677 hp; 1,250 kW) dan mencapai 1,980 PS (1,953 hp; 1,456 kW) di 1.65 ata selama 10 menit tenaga darurat ("erhöhter Notleistung")
• Baling-baling: Baling-baling kecepatan konstan 3 bilah

Kinerja

• Laju maksimum: 652 km/h (405 mph, 352 kn) di ketinggian 5,919 m (19,420 ft)
• Jangkauan: 900–1,000 km (560–620 mi, 490–540 nmi)
• Jangkauan tempur: 400–500 km (250–310 mi, 220–270 nmi)
• Jangkauan feri: 900–1,000 km (560–620 mi, 490–540 nmi) ~1800–2000 km dengan tangki bahan bakar tambahan.
• Langit-langit batas: 10,350 m (33,960 ft)
• Laju tanjak: 15 m/s (3,000 ft/min)
• Beban sayap: 241 kg/m² (49 lb/sq ft)
• Rasio tenaga-berat: 0.29–0.33 kW/kg (0.18–0.20 hp/lb)

Persenjataan

• Senjata api:
  • 2 x 13 mm (.51 in) Senapan mesin MG 131 dengan 475 peluru per senapan tersinkronisasi.
  • 4 x 20 mm Meriam MG 151/20 E dengan 250 peluru per senapan di akar sayap (tersinkronisasi) dan 140 peluru per senapan di tengah sayap (tembak bebas).
• Bom: 1 buah bom di bawah badan pesawat atau 4 buah bom di bawah sayap.

Referensi

Catatan kaki

1. A-3 ini didaratkan secara tak sengaja oleh Oblt Armin Faber di RAF Pembrey pada 23 Juni 1942, manjadi Fw 190 pertama yang ditangkap dan dianalisis oleh RAF.^[1]

Kutipan

1. Ramsey 1990, p. 147.
2. Angelucci, Enzo (1988). Combat aircraft of World War II. hlm. 50. ISBN 0-517-64179-8.

Daftar pustaka

• Andrews, C.F. and E.B. Morgan. Supermarine Aircraft since 1914. London: Putnam, Second Edition, 1987. ISBN 0-85177-800-3.
• Axworthy, Mark, CornelScafeș and Cristian Crăciunoiu.Third Axis. Fourth Ally. Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941–1945. London: Arms and Armour, 1995. ISBN 1-85409-267-7.
• Bernád, Dénes. Rumanian Air Force: The Prime Decade, 1938–1947. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications Inc, 1999. ISBN 0-89747-402-3.
• Bonhardt, Attila, Sárhidai Gyula and László Winkler. A Magyar Királyi Honvédség Fegyverzete. (The Royal Hungarian Army Weapons in Hungarian). Kecskemét, Hungary: Zrínyi Kiadó, 1992. ISBN 963-327-182-7.
• Bowman, Martin W. P-51 Mustang vs Fw 190: Europe 1943–45. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 2007. ISBN 1-84603-189-3.
• A Butcher Bird's Tale: the Story of the Focke Wulf 190 (DVD). Diarsipkan 2008-08-28 di Wayback Machine. Retrieved: 3 April 2008.
• Caldwell, Donald L. JG 26: Top Guns of the Luftwaffe. New York: Ivy Books, 1991. ISBN 0-8041-1050-6.
• Caldwell, Donald L. The JG26 War Diary, Vol. 2: 1943–1945. London: Grub Street Publishing, 1998. ISBN 1-898697-86-8.
• Caldwell, Donald and Richard Muller. The Luftwaffe over Germany: Defense of the Reich. London: Greenhill Books, 2007. ISBN 978-1-85367-712-0.
• Caygill, Peter. Combat Legend Focke-wulf Fw 190. Ramsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing Limited, 2002, ISBN 978-1-84037-366-0
• Crandall, Jerry. Yellow 10: The Story of the Ultra-rare Fw 190 D-13. Hamilton, Montana: Eagle Edition Ltd., 2000. ISBN 0-9660706-3-1.
• Donald, David, ed. Warplanes of the Luftwaffe. London: Aerospace Publishing, 1994. ISBN 1-874023-56-5.
• Delve, Ken. The Story of the Spitfire: An Operational and Combat History. London: Greenhill books, 2007. ISBN 978-1-85367-725-0.
• Focke-Wulf Flugzeugbau GmbH. Fw 190 D-9 Flugzeug-Handbuch: Teil 8A Schußwaffenlage. Rechlin, Germany: Erprobungsstelle der Luftwaffe Rechlin, November 1944.
• Focke-Wulf Flugzeugbau GmbH. Fw 190 D-9 Flugzeug-Handbuch: Teil 8C Sonderwaffenlage. Berlin: Der Chef der Technischen Luftrüstung, January 1945.
• Forsyth, Robert. JV 44 The Galland Circus. Burgess Hill, Sussex, UK: Classic Publications, 1996. ISBN 0-9526867-0-8.
• Griehl, Manfred. Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Varianten: Flugzeug Profile 45. Stengelheim, Germany: UNITEC Medienvertrieb E.K., 2008. OCLC 230135362, ASIN B006VFEHPC.
• Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. The Focke-Wulf 190: Fw 190. Newton Abbot, UK: David & Charles, 1976. ISBN 0-7153-7084-7.
• Gurney, Gene (Major, USAF). The War in the Air: A Pictorial History of World War II Air Forces in Combat. New York: Bonanza Books, 1962.
• Jackiewicz, Jacek and Robert Bock. Captured Butcherbirds, Vol. 1. Warsaw, Poland: Ajaks, 2009. ISBN 978-83-924914-2-2.
• Jackson, Robert. Aircraft of World War II: Development, Weaponry, Specifications. Edison, New Jersey: Chartwell Books, 2003. ISBN 0-7858-1696-8.
• Janowicz, Krzysztof (with Neil Page). Focke-Wulf Fw 190, Vols 1 & II. London: Kagero Publications, 2001. ISBN 83-89088-11-8.
• Jessen, Morten. Focke-Wulf 190: The Birth of the Butcher Bird 1939–1943. London: Greenhill Books, 1998. ISBN 1-85367-328-5.
• Joineau, Andre and Dominique Breffort. P-51 Mustang: From 1943 to 1945. Paris: Histoire & Collections, 2007. ISBN 2-913903-81-9.
• Kosin, Ruediger. The German Fighter Since 1915– translation of Die Entwicklung der deutschen Jagdflugzeuge. London: Putnam, 1988. ISBN 0-85177-822-4.
• Lednicer, David A. "Technical Note: A CFD Evaluation of Three Prominent World War II Fighter Aircraft." Aeronautical Journal, Royal Aeronautical Society, June/July 1995.
• Lednicer, David A. "World War II Fighter Aerodynamics." EAA Sport Aviation, January 1999.
• Lorant, Jean-Yves and Richard Goyat. JG 300 (two volumes translated by Neil Page). Hamilton, Montana: Eagle Editions, 2006, Vol. 1: ISBN 0-9761034-0-0, Vol. 2: ISBN 0-9761034-2-7.
• Lowe, Malcolm. Production Line to Front Line #5, Focke-Wulf Fw 190. London: Osprey, 2003. ISBN 1-84176-438-8.
• Manrho, John and Ron Putz. Bodenplatte: The Luftwaffe's Last Hope: The Attack on Allied Airfields, New Year's Day 1945. Ottringham, UK: Hikoki Publications, 2004. ISBN 1-902109-40-6.
• Mondey, David. The Hamlyn Concise Guide to Axis Aircraft of World War II. London: Bounty Books, 2006. ISBN 0-7537-1460-4.
• Nowarra, Heinz J. The Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Fighters, Bombers, Ground Attack Aircraft. West Chester, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publications, 1991. ISBN 0-88740-354-9.
• Page, Neil. "Focke Wulf 190: Part One-the Fw 190A-series fighter variants." Scale Aircraft Modelling, Vol. 24, No. 9, November 2002.
• Page, Neil. "The Sturmgruppen—Bomber Destroyers 1944." Scale Aircraft Modelling, March 2001.
• Price, Alfred. Focke Wulf Fw 190 in Combat. London: Sutton Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0-7509-2548-5.
• Ramsay, Winston G., ed. The Blitz Then and Now: Volume 3, May 1941 – May 1945. London: Battle of Britain Prints International Ltd, 1990. ISBN 0-900913-58-4.
• Rodeike, Peter. Jagdflugzeug 190. Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck, 1998. ISBN 3-923457-44-8.
• Ryle, E. Brown and Malcolm Laing. Walk Around Number 22: Focke-Wulf Fw 190A/F. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, 1997. ISBN 0-89747-374-4.
• Shacklady, Edward. Butcher Bird: Focke-Wulf Fw 190. Bristol, UK: Cerberus Publishing Ltd., 2005. ISBN 1-84145-103-7.
• Smith, J. R and Anthony L. Kay. German Aircraft of the Second World War. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1972. ISBN 0-370-00024-2
• Smith, J. Richard and Eddie J. Creek. Focke-Wulf Fw 190: Volume One 1938–1943 (2nd ed, reprint). Hersham, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Publishing, 2014. ISBN 978-1-906537-29-6
• Spencer, Jay P. Focke-Wulf Fw 190: Workhorse of the Luftwaffe. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian, 1989. ISBN 0-87474-885-2.
• Spick, Mike. Allied Fighter Aces of World War II. London: Greenhill Books. 1997. ISBN 1-85367-282-3.
• Thompson, J. Steve with Peter C Smith. Air Combat Manoeuvres. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Publishing, 2008. ISBN 978-1-903223-98-7.
• United States Air Force Museum Guidebook. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Museum Foundation, 1975.
• Wagner, Ray and Heinz Nowarra. German Combat Planes: A Comprehensive Survey and History of the Development of German Military Aircraft from 1914 to 1945. New York: Doubleday, 1971.
• Weal, John. Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Aces of the Russian Front. Oxford, UK: Osprey, 1998. ISBN 1-85532-518-7.
• Weal, John. Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Aces of the Western Front. Oxford, UK: Osprey, 1996. ISBN 1-85532-595-0.
• Winchester, Jim. "Focke-Wulf Fw 190." Aircraft of World War II. London: Grange Books, 2004. ISBN 1-84013-639-1.

Lihat pula

• Sejarah operasional Focke-Wulf Fw 190

Pranala luar

• US evaluation of captured Fw 190 A-4 (PDF file) Diarsipkan 2023-03-12 di Wayback Machine.
• The Flying Heritage Collection's Fw 190A fires up its BMW 801 engine Diarsipkan 2023-05-14 di Wayback Machine.
• The Flying Heritage Collection's Fw 190D fires up its Jumo 213 engine Diarsipkan 2023-05-15 di Wayback Machine.
• Modeller's Guide to Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Variants, Radial Engine Versions Part I Diarsipkan 2013-01-13 di Wayback Machine.
• Modeller's Guide to Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Variants, Radial Engine Versions Part II Diarsipkan 2012-07-27 di Wayback Machine.

Templat:Kurt Tank aircraft