Equidae - Wikiwand

Equidae adalah famili binatang yang termasuk ke dalam ordo Perissodactyla. Famili ini kadang-kadang disebut sebagai Keluarga Kuda. Beberapa hewan yang masuk dalam genus ini adalah Kuda, keledai, zebra,^[1] dan onager. Tiga hewan itu masuk ke dalam genus Equus.

Fakta Singkat Keluarga Kuda, Klasifikasi ilmiah ...

Keluarga Kuda
Kuda Zebra Keledai
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kerajaan:	Animalia
Filum:	Chordata
Kelas:	Mammalia
Ordo:	Perissodactyla
Subordo:	Hippomorpha
Famili:	Equidae Gray, 1821
Subfamili
Lihat teks

Tutup

Daftar Subfamili Beserta Genusnya

Ringkasan

Perspektif

Subfamili Eohippinae (Punah)

- - Genus Epihippus (Punah)
  - Genus Haplohippus (Punah)
  - Genus Eohippus (Punah)
  - Genus Minippus (Punah) ^[2]

Subfamili Propalaeotheriinae (Punah)

- - Genus Orohippus (Punah)
  - Genus Pliolophus (Punah)
  - Genus Protorohippus (Punah)
  - Genus Sifrhippus (Punah)
  - Genus Xenicohippus (Punah) ^[2]
  - Genus Eurohippus (Punah)
  - Genus Propalaeotherium? (Punah) ^[3]

Subfamili Anchitheriinae (Punah)

- - Genus Anchitherium (Punah)
  - Genus Archaeohippus (Punah)
  - Genus Desmatippus (Punah)
  - Genus Hypohippus (Punah)
  - Genus Kalobatippus (Punah)
  - Genus Megahippus (Punah)
  - Genus Mesohippus (Punah)
  - Genus Miohippus (Punah)
  - Genus Parahippus (Punah)
  - Genus Sinohippus (Punah)

Subfamili Equinae

- - Genus Merychippus (Punah)
  - Genus Scaphohippus (Punah)
  - Genus Acritohippus (Punah)
Tribus Hipparionini (Punah)
- - Genus Eurygnathohippus (Punah)
  - Genus Hipparion (Punah)
  - Genus Hippotherium (Punah)
  - Genus Nannippus (Punah)
  - Genus Neohipparion (Punah)
  - Genus Proboscidipparion (Punah)
  - Genus Pseudhipparion (Punah)
Tribus Equini
- - Genus Haringtonhippus

(Punah)^[4]

- - Genus Heteropliohippus (Punah)^[5]
  - Genus Parapliohippus

(Punah) ^[5]

- Subtribus Protohippina
  - Genus Calippus (Punah)
  - Genus Protohippus (Punah)
- Subtribus Equina
  - Genus Astrohippus (Punah)
  - Genus Dinohippus (Punah)
  - Genus Equus (22 species, 7 extant)
    - - Equus ferus
        Equus ferus caballus
        
        Equus ferus ferus (Punah)
        
        Equus ferus przewalskii
      - Equus algericus(Punah)^[6]
      - Equus alaskae (Punah)
      - Equus lambei (Punah)
      - Equus niobrarensis (Punah)
      - Equus scotti (Punah)
      - Equus conversidens (Punah)
      - Equus semiplicatus (Punah)
    - Subgenus Amerhippus (this subgenus and its species are possibly synonymous with E. ferus)(Punah) ^[7]
      - Equus andium (Punah)
      - Equus neogeus (Punah)
      - Equus insulatus (Punah)
    - Subgenus Asinus
      - Equus africanus
        Equus africanus africanus
        
        Equus africanus asinus
        
        Equus africanus atlanticus (Punah)
        
        Equus africanus somalicus
      - Equus hemionus
        Equus hemionus hemionus
        
        Equus hemionus hemippus (Punah)
        
        Equus hemionus khur
        
        Equus hemionus kulan
        
        Equus hemionus onager
      - Equus kiang
        Equus kiang chu
        
        Equus kiang kiang
        
        Equus kiang holdereri
        
        Equus kiang polyodon
      - Equus hydruntinus (Punah)
      - Equus altidens (Punah)
      - Equus tabeti (Punah)
      - Equus melkiensis (Punah)
      - Equus graziosii (Punah)
    - Subgenus Hippotigris^[a]
      - Equus grevyi
      - Equus koobiforensis (Punah)
      - Equus oldowayensis (Punah)
      - Equus quagga
        Equus quagga boehmi
        
        Equus quagga borensis
        
        Equus quagga burchellii
        
        Equus quagga chapmani
        
        Equus quagga crawshayi
        
        Equus quagga quagga (Punah)
        
        Equus quagga selousi
      - Equus zebra
        Equus zebra hartmannae
        
        Equus zebra zebra
      - Equus capensis (Punah)
      - Equus mauritanicus (Punah)
    - Subgenus Parastylidequus (Punah)
      - Equus parastylidens (Punah)
    - Subgenus Sussemionus (Punah) ^[10]
      - Equus ovodovi(Punah)^[11]
    - Penempatan tidak pasti :
      - Equus simplicidens (Punah)
      - Equus cumminsii (Punah)
      - Equus livenzovensis (Punah)
      - Equus sanmeniensis (Punah)
      - Equus teilhardi (Punah)
      - Equus numidicus (Punah)
      - Equus plicidens (Punah)
      - Equus cedralensis (Punah)
      - Equus stenonis (Punah)
        Equus stenonis guthi (Punah)
        
        Equus stenonis senezensis (Punah)
        
        Equus stenonis pamirensis (Hippotigris pamirensis) (Punah)
        
        Equus stenonis petraloniensis (Punah)
        
        Equus stenonis vireti (Punah)
      - Equus sivalensis (Punah)
      - Equus stehlini (Punah)
      - Equus sussenbornensis (Punah)
      - Equus verae (Punah)
      - Equus namadicus (Punah)
    - subgenus Allozebra (Punah)
      - Equus occidentalis (Punah)
      - Equus excelsus (Punah)
    - subgenus Hesperohippus (Punah)
      - Equus pacificus (Punah)
      - Equus mexicanus (Punah)
      - Equus complicatus (Punah)
      - Equus fraternus (Punah)^[12]
      - Equus major (Punah)
      - Equus giganteus (Punah)
      - Equus pectinatus (Punah)
      - Equus crenidens (Punah)
  - Genus Hippidion (Punah)
  - Genus Onohippidium (Punah)
  - Genus Pliohippus (Punah)

Daftar pustaka

Burke, et al. 2003. The systematic position of Equus hydruntinus, an extinct species of Pleistocene equid. Quaternary Research 59(3):459-469.
Duncan, P. (ed.). 1992. Zebras, Asses, and Horses: an Action Plan for the Conservation of Wild Equids. IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
Equid Specialist Group 1996. Equus ferus. In: IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.<www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 21 January 2006.
Equid Specialist Group 1996. Equus ferus ssp. przewalskii. In: IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.<www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 21 January 2006.
Groves, C.P. & Bell, H.B. 2004. New investigations on the taxonomy of the zebras genus Equus, subgenus Hippotigris. Mammalian Biology. 69: 182-196.
Higuchi et al. 1987. Mitochondrial DNA of the Extinct Quagga: Relatedness and Extent of Postmortem Change. Journal of Molecular Evolution 25:283-287.
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 2003. Opinion 2027 (Case 3010). Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved. Bull.Zool.Nomencl., 60:81-84.
Moehlman, P.D. 2002. Equids. Zebras, Assess and Horses. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. (http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/publications/actionplans.htm#Equids2002 Diarsipkan 2007-12-15 di Wayback Machine.)
Orlando, et al. 2006. Geographic distribution of an extinct equid (Equus hydruntinus: Mammalia, Equidae) revealed by morphological and genetical analyses of fossils. Molecular Ecology 15(8):2083-2093.

Referensi

[1]
Parker, Sybil, P (1984). McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Biology. McGraw-Hill Company. hlm. 124.
[2]
Froehlich, D.J. (February 2002). "Quo vadis eohippus? The systematics and taxonomy of the early Eocene equids (Perissodactyla)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 134 (2): 141–256. doi:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00005.x .
[3]
Remy, Jean A.; Krasovec, Gabriel; Marandat, Bernard (2016). "A new species of Propalaeotherium (Palaeotheriidae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the Middle Eocene locality of Aumelas (Hérault, France)". Palaeovertebrata. 40 (2): e1. doi:10.18563/pv.40.2.e1.
[4]
Hay, Oliver P. (1915). "Contributions to the Knowledge of the Mammals of the Pleistocene of North America". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 48 (2086): 535–549. DOI:10.5479/si.00963801.48-2086.515
[5]
Bravo-Cuevas, V.M.; Ferrusquía-Villafranca, I. (2010). "The oldest record of Equini (Mammalia: Equidae) from Mexico" (PDF). Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas. 27 (3): 593–603. Diakses tanggal 14 August 2020.
[6]
Aouraghe, Hassan; et al. (1999). "Les équidés du Pléstocène supérior de la grotte Zouhrah à El Harhoura, Maroc". Quaternaire (dalam bahasa Prancis). 10: 283–292. doi:10.3406/quate.1999.1649.
[7]
Orlando, L.; et al. (2008). "Ancient DNA Clarifies the Evolutionary History of American Late Pleistocene Equids". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 66 (5): 533–538. Bibcode:2008JMolE..66..533O. doi:10.1007/s00239-008-9100-x. PMID 18398561.
[8]
Vilstrup, Julia T.; et al. (2013). "Mitochondrial Phylogenomics of Modern and Ancient Equids". PLOS ONE. 8 (2): e55950. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...855950V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055950 . PMC 3577844 . PMID 23437078.
[9]
Groves, C. P.; Bell, C. H. (2004). "New investigations on the taxonomy of the zebras genus Equus, subgenus Hippotigris". Mammalian Biology. 69 (3): 182–196. doi:10.1078/1616-5047-00133.
[10]
Eisenmann, Vera (March 2010). "Sussemionus, a new subgenus of Equus (Perissodactyla, Mammalia)". Comptes Rendus Biologies. 333 (3): 235–240. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2009.12.013. PMID 20338542.
[11]
Eisenmann, Vera; Vasilijiev, Sergej (September 2011). "Unexpected finding of a new Equus species (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) belonging to a supposedly extinct subgenus in late Pleistocene deposits of Khakassia (Southwestern Siberia)". Geodiversitas. 33 (3): 519–530. doi:10.5252/g2011n3a5.
[12]
"Fossilworks: Equus fraternus". fossilworks.org. Diakses tanggal 17 December 2021.

Although the plains and mountain zebras have been placed in Hippotigris and Grévy's zebra in Dolichohippus, Vilstrup et al. (2013) finds that the plains zebra and Grévy's zebra are more closely related.^[8] Groves and Bell (2004) place all three species in the subgenus Hippotigris.^[9]

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