Alexander Herzen

Aleksandr Ivanovich Herzen (atau Aleksandr Ivanovič Gercen; bahasa Rusia: Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Ге́рцен; April 6 [K.J.: 25 March] 1812 – January 21 [K.J.: 9 January] 1870) adalah penulis dan pemikir Rusia yang dikenal sebagai "bapak sosialisme Rusia" dan salah satu pendiri populisme agraria (ideologi perintis Narodniki, Revolusioner Sosialis, Trudovik, dan Partai Populis Amerika Serikat). Melalui tulisan-tulisannya (beberapa di antaranya ditulis ketika mengasingkan diri di London), ia turut membangun suasana politik yang memicu emansipasi kaum petani tahun 1861. Ia menerbitkan novel sosial ternama berjudul Who is to Blame? (1845–46). Autobiografinya, My Past and Thoughts (ditulis 1852–1870),^[1] dianggap sebagai karya sosial terbaik dalam sastra Rusia.

Alexander Herzen
Potret Herzen karya Nikolai Ge (1867)
Lahir	Aleksandr Ivanovich Herzen (1812-04-06)6 April 1812 Moskwa, Kekaisaran Rusia
Meninggal	21 Januari 1870(1870-01-21) (umur 57) Paris, Perancis
Almamater	Universitas Moskwa
Era	Filsafat abad ke-19
Kawasan	Filsafat Rusia
Aliran	Westernisme Populisme agraria
Minat utama	Politik, ekonomi, perjuangan kelas
Gagasan penting	Agrarianisme
Dipengaruhi Proudhon, Hegel, Rousseau, Voltaire
Memengaruhi Kropotkin, Goldman, Darwin, Freud, Nietzsche, Marx, Engels, Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin, Mao, Castro, Guevara, Bakunin, Sartre, Berlin, Frankfurt School

Karya

Alexander Herzen, karya Sergei Lvovich Levitsky, 1860

• Legend (Легенда, 1836)^[2]
• Elena (Елена, 1838)^[2]
• Notes of a Young Man (1840)^[2]
• Diletantism in Science (1843)^[2]
• Who is to Blame? (Кто виноват?, 1846)^[2]
• Mimoezdom (Мимоездом, 1846)^[2]
• Dr. Krupov (Доктор Крупов, 1847)^[2]
• Thieving Magpie (Сорока-воровка, 1848)^[2]
• The Russian People and Socialism (Русский народ и социализм, 1848)
• From the Other Shore (1848–1850)
• Letters from France and Italy (1852)
• Selected Philosophical Works 1956
• My Past and Thoughts: The Memoirs of Alexander Herzen

Lihat pula

• Malwida von Meysenbug
• Pluralisme

Catatan

1. Grimes, William (2007-02-25). "Rediscovering Alexander Herzen - Books - Review". The New York Times.
2. Alexander Herzen at Lib.ru

Bacaan lanjutan

• Acton, Edward. Alexander Herzen And the Role of the Intellectual Revolutionary, Cambridge University Press, 1979.
• Coates, Ruth. "The Early Intellectual Careers of Bakhtin and Herzen: Towards a Philosophy of the Act," Studies in East European Thought, Vol. 52, No. 4, Dec., 2000.
• Eckardt, Julius. Modern Russia, Smith, Elder & Co., 1870.
• Gavin, W. J. "Herzen and James: Freedom as Radical," Studies in Soviet Thought, Vol. 14, No. 3/4, Sep./Dec., 1974.
• Grenier, Svetlana. "Herzen's Who Is to Blame?: The Rhetoric of the New Morality," The Slavic and East European Journal, Vol. 39, No. 1, Spring, 1995.
• Iskander, Fasil. Alexandre Herzen (1812–1870): Russe de coeur, Europeen d'esprit, Suisse d'adoption. L'errance d'un temoin prophetique, Meandre Editions, Fribourg 1997, ISBN 2-88359-017-6
• Kelly, Aileen. "The Destruction of Idols: Alexander Herzen and Francis Bacon," Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 41, No. 4, Oct./Dec., 1980.
• Kelly, Aileen M. The Discovery of Chance: The Life and Thought of Alexander Herzen, Harvard University Press, 2016, ISBN 9780674737112.
• Malia, Martin Edward. Alexander Herzen and the Birth of Russian Socialism, Grosset & Dunlap, 1965.
• Morson, Gary Saul, "Herzen: The Hero of Skeptical Idealism" (review of Aileen M. Kelly, The Discovery of Chance: The Life and Thought of Alexander Herzen, Harvard University Press, 592 pp., $39.95), The New York Review of Books, vol. LXIII, no. 18 (November 24, 2016), pp. 45–46, 48.
• Orlova-Kopeleva, Raisa: Als die Glocke verstummte. Alexander Herzens letztes Lebensjahr, Karin Kramer Verlag, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-87956-190-7
• Palmieri, F. Aurelio. “The Earliest Theorists of the Russian Revolution,” The Catholic World, Vol. CVIII, October 1918/March 1919.
• Partridge, Monica. "Alexander Herzen and the English Press," The Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. 36, No. 87, Jun., 1958.
• Rzhevsky, Nicholas. "The Shape of Chaos: Herzen and War and Peace," Russian Review, Vol. 34, No. 4, Oct., 1975.
• Smith-Peter, Susan. Imagining Russian Regions: Subnational Identity and Civil Society in Nineteenth-Century Russia. Brill, 2018.
• Weidemeier, William Cannon. "Herzen and Nietzsche: A Link in the Rise of Modern Pessimism," Russian Review, Vol. 36, No. 4, Oct., 1977.
• Imperial Moscow University: 1755-1917: encyclopedic dictionary. Moscow: Russian political encyclopedia (ROSSPEN). A. Andreev, D. Tsygankov. 2010. hlm. 153—155. ISBN 978-5-8243-1429-8.

Pranala luar

• Herzen adalah tokoh utama dalam trilogi drama besutan Tom Stoppard, The Coast of Utopia (2002).
• Artikel Tom Stoppard tentang Herzen di London Observer
• ALEXANDER II AND HIS TIMES: A Narrative History of Russia in the Age of Alexander II, Tolstoy, and Dostoevsky (ada beberapa bab tentang Herzen) Diarsipkan 2006-01-12 di Archive.is
• Herzen: The revolutionist by Keith Gessen (The New Yorker)
• Alexander Herzen and Russian (spiritual) Landscape (bahasa Jepang)
• Archive of Aleksandr Ivanovič Gercen Papers di International Institute of Social History
•  "Hertzen, Alexander". The American Cyclopædia. 1879.