Joseph de Maistre

Joseph-Marie, comte de Maistre (bahasa Prancis: [də mɛstʁ]; 1 April 1753 – 26 Februari 1821 )^[2] adalah seorang filsuf, penulis, pengacara dan diplomat Savoyard yang mengadvokasikan hierarki sosial dan monarki pada periode tak lama setelah Revolusi Prancis.^[3] Disamping hubungan pribadi dan intelektual dekatnya dengan Prancis, Maistre menjadi seluruh masa hidupnya di Kerajaan Sardinia, dimana ia menjabat sebagai anggota Senat Savoy (1787–1792), duta besar untuk Rusia (1803–1817)^[4] dan menteri negara untuk mahkamah di Torino (1817–1821).^[5]

Joseph de Maistre
de Maistre ca 1810
Lahir	(1753-04-01)1 April 1753 Chambéry, Kerajaan Sardinia
Meninggal	26 Februari 1821(1821-02-26) (umur 67) Torino, Kerajaan Sardinia
Karya terkenal	Considerations on France, On the Pope
Era	Filsafat abad ke-18
Kawasan	Filsafat Barat
Aliran	Konservatisme Kontra-Pencerahan Humanisme Kristen Klerikalisme Monarkisme Ultramontanisme Tradisionalisme Royalisme Mistisisme
Minat utama	Filsafat politik
Dipengaruhi Alkitab Sokrates Plato Aristoteles Plutarkh Tertullianus Origenes Bapa-bapa Gereja Agustinus Aquinas More Erasmus Descartes Malebranche Vico Bossuet Fénelon Montesquieu Gibbon Hume Rousseau Voltaire Saint-Martin Burke Bonald
Memengaruhi Saint-Bonnet Bonald Saint-Simon[1] Comte von Haller Donoso Rosmini Barbey Bloy Bernanos Baudelaire Newman Benson Belloc Chesterton MacDonald Tolkien Lewis Walsh Kirk Buckley Carroll Ljotić Maurras Boutang Girard Guénon Veuillot Cioran Schmitt Evola Yockey Lévi

Karya

• Nobilis Ioseph Maistre Camberiensis ad i.u. lauream anno 1772. die 29. Aprilis hora 5. pomeridiana Diarsipkan 2017-04-27 di Wayback Machine. (Turin, 1772) – Joseph de Maistre's decree thesis, kept in the National Library of the University of Turin.
• Éloge de Victor-Amédée III (Chambéry, 1775)
• Lettres d'un royaliste savoisien à ses compatriotes (1793)
• Étude sur la souveraineté (1794)
• De l'État de nature, ou Examen d'un écrit de Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1795)
• Considérations sur la France (London [Basel], 1796)
• Intorno allo stato del Piemonte rispetto alla carta moneta (Turn, Aosta, Venice, 1797–1799)
• Essai sur le Principe Générateur des Constitutions Politiques, 1814, [1st. Pub. 1809]
• Du Pape, Tome Second, 1819.
• De l'Église Gallicane, édit. Rodolphe de Maistre, 1821.
• Les Soirées de Saint-Pétersbourg ou Entretiens sur le Gouvernement Temporel de la Providence, Tome Second, édit. Rodolphe de Maistre, 1821.
• Lettres à un Gentilhomme Russe sur l'Inquisition Espagnole, édit. Rodolphe de Maistre, 1822.
• Examen de la Philosophie de Bacon, ou: l'on Traite Différentes Questions de Philosophie Rationnelle, Tome Second, édit. Rodolphe de Maistre, 1836.
• Lettres et Opuscules Inédits du Comte Joseph de Maistre, Tome Second, édit. Rodolphe de Maistre, Paris, 1853.
• Mémoires Politiques et Correspondance Diplomatique, édit. Albert Blanc, Paris, 1859.

Terjemahan Inggris

• Memoir on the Union of Savoy and Switzerland, 1795.
• Essay on the Generative Principle of Political Constitutions, 1847.
• The Pope: Considered in His Relations with the Church, Temporal Sovereignties, Separated Churches and the Cause of Civilization, 1850.
• Letters on the Spanish Inquisition, 1838.
• In Menczer, Béla, 1962. Catholic Political Thought, 1789-1848, University of Notre Dame Press.
  • "Human and Divine Nomenclature," pp. 61–66.
  • "War, Peace, and Social Order," pp. 66–69.
  • "On Sophistry and Tyranny," pp. 69–71.
  • "Russia and the Christian West," pp. 72–76.
• Lively, Jack. ed. The Works of Joseph de Maistre, Macmillan, 1965 (ISBN 978-0805203042).
• Richard Lebrun, ed. Works of Joseph de Maistre:
  • The Pope, Howard Fertig, 1975 (ISBN 978-1296620059)
  • St. Petersburg Dialogues, McGill-Queen's University Press, 1993 (ISBN 978-0773509825)
  • Considerations on France, McGill-Queen's University Press, 1974 and Cambridge University Press, 1994 (ISBN 978-0773501829)
  • Against Rousseau: "On the State of Nature" and "On the Sovereignty of the People," McGill-Queen's University Press, 1996 (ISBN 978-0773514157)
  • Examination of the Philosophy of Bacon, McGill-Queen's University Press, 1998 (ISBN 978-0773517271)
• Blum, Christopher Olaf (editor and translator). Critics of the Enlightenment, ISI Books, 2004 (ISBN 978-1932236132
  • 1798, "Reflections on Protestantism in its Relations to Sovereignty," pp. 133–56.
  • 1819, "On the Pope," pp. 157–96.
• Lively, Jack. ed. The Generative Principle of Political Constitutions: Studies on Sovereignty, Religion, and Enlightenment, Transaction Publishers, 2011 (ISBN 978-1412842655)
• In Blum, Christopher O., editor and translator. Critics of the Enlightenment, Cluny Media, 2020 (ISBN 978-1952826160)
  • 1797, "Considerations on France," (excerpt of first two sections) pp. 75–90.
  • 1819, "On the Pope," pp. 91–100.

Lihat pula

• Louis Gabriel Ambroise de Bonald
• Friedrich von Gentz
• Joseph Görres
• Andreas Kobler

Catatan

Referensi

1. John Powell, Derek W. Blakeley, Tessa Powell. Biographical Dictionary of Literary Influences: The Nineteenth Century, 1800-1914. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001. P267.
2. "Joseph de Maistre". Encyclopædia Britannica.
3. Beum, Robert (1997). "Ultra-Royalism Revisited," Modern Age, Vol. 39, No. 3, p. 305.
4. "Joseph de Maistre," The Dublin Review, Vol. XXXIII, 1852.
5. The issue of Maistre's national identity has long been contentious. In 1802, after the invasion of Savoy and Piedmont by the armies of the French First Republic, Maistre had fled to Cagliari, the ancient capital of Kingdom of Sardinia that resisted the French invasion; he wrote to the French ambassador in Naples, objecting to having been classified as a French émigré and thus subject to confiscation of his properties and punishment should he attempt to return to Savoy. According to the biographical notice written by his son Rodolphe and included in the Complete Works, on that occasion Maistre wrote that

   He had not been born French, and did not desire to become French, and that, never having set foot in the lands conquered by France, he could not have become French.

   — Œuvres complètes de Joseph de Maistre, Lyon, 1884, vol. I, p. XVIII.

   Sources such as the Encyclopædia Britannica and the Catholic Encyclopedia identify Maistre as French, by culture if not by law. In 1860 Albert Blanc, professor of law at the University of Turin, in his preface to a collection of Maistre's diplomatic correspondence wrote that:

   ... this philosopher [Maistre] was a politician; this Catholic was an Italian; he foretold the destiny of the House of Savoy, he supported the end of the Austrian rule [of northern Italy], he has been, during this century, one of the first defenders of [Italian] independence.

   — Correspondance diplomatique de Joseph de Maistre, Paris, 1860, vol. I, pp. III-IV.

Sumber

• Armenteros, Carolina (2007). "From Human Nature to Normal Humanity: Joseph de Maistre, Rousseau, and the Origins of Moral Statistics," Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 68, No. 1, pp. 107–30.
• Armenteros, Carolina (2007). "Parabolas and the Fate of Nations: Early Conservative Historicism in Joseph de Maistre's De la Souveraineté du Peuple," History of Political Thought, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 230–52.
• Armenteros, Carolina et al. (2010). The New Enfant du Siècle: Joseph de Maistre as a Writer, St. Andrews Studies in French History and Culture.
• Armenteros, Carolina (2011). The French Idea of History: Joseph de Maistre and his Heirs, 1794–1854. Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press ISBN 0-8014-4943-X
• Armenteros, Carolina and Richard Lebrun (2011). Joseph de Maistre and his European Readers: From Friedrich von Gentz to Isaiah Berlin. Leiden and Boston: Brill.
• Armenteros, Carolina and Richard Lebrun (2011). Joseph de Maistre and the Legacy of Enlightenment. Oxford: The Voltaire Foundation.
• Austern, Donald M. (1974). The Political Theories of Edmund Burke and Joseph de Maistre as Representative of the Schools of Conservative Libertarianism and Conservative Authoritarianism. Amherst: Boston College Doctoral Thesis.
• Barbey D'Aurevilly, Jules (1889). "Joseph de Maistre". In: Les Prophètes du Passé. Paris: Calmann Lévy, pp. 50–69.
• Barthelet, Philippe (2005). Joseph de Maistre: Les Dossiers H. Geneva: L'Age d'Homme.
• Blamires, Cyprian P. (1985). Three Critiques of the French Revolution: Maistre, Bonald and Saint-Simon. Oxford: Oxford University Doctoral Thesis.
• Bradley, Owen (1999). A Modern Maistre: The Social and Political Thought of Joseph de Maistre. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press.
• Brandes, Georg (1903). "Joseph de Maistre." In: Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature, Vol. 3. The Reaction in France. New York: The Macmillan Company, pp. 87–112
• Buchanan, Patrick (2007). State of Emergency. New York: St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 978-0-312-37436-5.
• Camcastle, Cara (2005). The More Moderate Side of Joseph de Maistre. Ottawa: McGill-Queen's University Press.
• Caponigri, A.R. (1942). Some Aspects of the Philosophy of Joseph de Maistre. PhD Thesis, University of Chicago.
• Croce, Benedetto (1922). "Il Duca di Serra-Capriola e Giuseppe de Maistre". In: Archivio Storico per le Province Napoletane, Vol. XLVII, pp. 313–335.
• Edwards, David W. (1977). "Count Joseph de Maistre and Russian Educational Policy, 1803-1828", Slavic Review, Vol. 36, pp. 54–75.
• Eichrodt, Joan B. (1968). Orthodoxy, Autocracy, Nationality, and Joseph de Maistre. New York: Columbia University Master's Thesis.
• Faust, A.J. (1882). "Count Joseph de Maistre," The American Catholic Quarterly Review, Vol. VII, pp. 17–41.
• Fisichella, Domenico (1963). Giusnaturalismo e Teoria della Sovranità in Joseph de Maistre. Messina: Firenze (Rep. in Politica e Mutamento Sociale. Lungro di Cosenza: Costantino Marco Editore, 2002, pp. 191–243 ISBN 88-85350-97-6.)
• Fisichella, Domenico (1993). Il Pensiero Politico di Joseph de Maistre. Roma-Bari: Laterza ISBN 88-420-4157-2.
• Fisichella, Domenico (2005). Joseph de Maistre, Pensatore Europeo. Roma-Bari: Laterza ISBN 88-420-7598-1.
• Garrard, Graeme (1995). Maistre, Judge of Jean-Jacques. An Examination of the Relationship between Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Joseph de Maistre, and the French Enlightenment. Oxford: Oxford University Doctoral Thesis.
• Ghervas, Stella (2008). Réinventer la Tradition: Alexandre Stourdza et l'Europe de la Sainte-Alliance. Paris: Honoré Champion. ISBN 978-2-7453-1669-1.
• Gianturco, Elio (1937). Joseph de Maistre and Giambattista Vico (Italian Roots of the Maistre's Political Culture). New York: Columbia University.
• Gianturco, Elio (1936). "Juridical Culture and Politico-historical Judgement in Joseph de Maistre", Roman Revue, Vol. 27, pp. 254–262.
• Glaudes, Pierre (1997). Joseph de Maistre et Les figures de l'Histoire: Trois Essais sur un Précurseur du Romantisme Français. In: Cahiers Romantiques. Saint Genouph: Librairie Nizet.
• Godechot, Jacques (1982). The Counter-Revolution, Princeton University Press.
• Lebrun, Richard A. (1988). Joseph de Maistre: An Intellectual Militant. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 0-7735-0645-4.
• Lebrun, Richard A. (ed., 1988). Maistre Studies, Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
• Lebrun, Richard A. (2001). Joseph de Maistre's Life, Thought and Influence: Selected Studies. Ottawa: McGill-Queen's University Press.
• Lombard, Charles (1976). Joseph de Maistre. Boston: Twayne. ISBN 0-8057-6247-7.
• Legittimo, Gianfranco (1963). Sociologi Cattolici Italiani: De Maistre, Taparelli, Toniolo. Roma: Il Quadrato.
• Maistre, Rodolphe de, Hexis d'un soir ou de la prénotion d'un retour de l'Esprit dans la science, La Compagnie Littéraire, 2016, 154p. [1] (ISBN 978-2-87683-566-5)
• Mandoul, Jean (1900). Un Homme d'État Italien: Joseph de Maistre et la Politique de la Maison de Savoie. Paris: Alcan.
• Mazlish, Bruce (1955). Burke, Bonald and de Maistre. A Study in Conservatism. New York: Columbia University Doctoral Thesis.
• McMahon, Darrin M. (2002). Enemies of the Enlightenment: The French Counter-Enlightenment and the Making of Modernity. Oxford University Press.
• Menczer, Béla (1962). "Joseph de Maistre." In: Catholic Political Thought, 1789–1848. University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 59–61.
• Monteton, Charles Philippe Dijon de (2007). Die Entzauberung des Gesellschaftsvertrags. Ein Vergleich der Anti-Sozial-Kontrakts-Theorien von Carl Ludwig von Haller und Joseph Graf de Maistre im Kontext der politischen Ideengeschichte. Frankfurt am Main et al. ISBN 978-3-631-55538-5.
• Morley, John (1909). "Joseph de Maistre." In: Critical Miscellanies. London: Macmillan & Co., pp. 257–338.
• Muret, Charlotte Touzalin (1933). French Royalist Doctrines since the Revolution. New York: Columbia University Press.
• Pranchère, Jean-Yves (1992). Qu'est-ce que la Royauté? Joseph de Maistre. Paris: Vrin.
• Pranchère, Jean-Yves (2005). L'Autorité contre les Lumières: la Philosophie de Joseph de Maistre. Geneva: Droz.
• Sacré-Cœur Mercier, Lucille du (1953). The Historical Thought of the Comte Joseph de Maistre. Washington: Catholic University of America Thesis.
• Siedentop, Larry Alan (1966). The Limits of Enlightenment. A Study of Conservative Political Thought in Early Nineteenth-Century France with Special Reference to Maine de Biran and Joseph de Maistre. Oxford: Oxford University Doctoral Thesis.
• Thorup, Mikkel (2005). "'A World Without Substance': Carl Schmitt and the Counter-Enlightenment," Distinktion: Scandinavian Journal of Social Theory, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 19–39.
• Thurston, Benjamin (2001). Joseph de Maistre. Logos and Logomachy. Oxford: Brasenose College-Oxford University Doctoral Thesis.
• Vermale, François (1921), Notes sur Joseph de Maistre Inconnu. Chambéry: Perrin, M. Dardel Successeur.

•  Artikel ini memuat teks dari suatu penerbitan yang sekarang berada dalam ranah publik: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Joseph-Marie, Comte de Maistre". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton.

Pranala luar

• Karya oleh/tentang Joseph de Maistre di Internet Archive (pencarian dioptimalkan untuk situs non-Beta)
• Works by Joseph de Maistre at Europeana
• Works by Joseph de Maistre at Hathi Trust
• The Joseph de Maistre Homepage at the University of Cambridge
• Works of Joseph de Maistre in English Translation
• Encyclopædia Britannica: Joseph de Maistre
• The Super-Enlightenment: Joseph de Maistre