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In chimia, un alcohol es alicun composito organic in le qual un gruppo functional de hydroxyle (-OH) es ligate a un atomo de carbon, usualmente ligate a altere atomos de carbon.
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| parte de: [[alcohol binding, alcohol metabolic process, alcohol catabolic process, alcohol biosynthetic process, response to alcohol, cellular response to alcohol, alcohol transmembrane transporter activity, alcohol O-cinnamoyltransferase activity, peroxiredoxin activity, beta-glucuronidase activity, glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase activity, carboxylic ester hydrolase activity, 6-phospho-beta-galactosidase activity, alpha-L-fucosidase activity, alcohol sulfotransferase activity, alpha-glucuronidase activity, fusarinine-C ornithinesterase activity, beta-primeverosidase activity, 2-deoxyglucosidase activity, thioredoxin-dependent peroxiredoxin activity, alkylhydroperoxide reductase activity]] |
| Commons: Alcohols |
| categoria principal: Category:Alcohols |
Un classe importante es le simple acyclic alcoholes, le formula general pro qual es CnH2n+1OH. De illos, ethanol (C2H5OH) es le typo de alcohol trovate in biberages alcoholic, e in commun linguage le parola alcohol refere specificamente a ethanol.
Altere alcoholes es usualmente describite con un clarificante adjective, como in alcohol isopropylic (propan-2-ol) o alcohol lignic (alcohol methylic, o methanol). Le suffixo -ol appare in le IUPAC nomine chimic de omne substantias ubi le gruppo hydroxylic es le gruppo functional con le prioritate le plus alte; in substantias ubi un gruppo con prioritate plus alte es presente le prefixo hydroxy- apparera in le nomine de IUPAC. Le suffixo -ol in nomines nonsystematic (tal como paracetamol o cholesterol) anque typicalmente indica que le substantia include un gruppo hydroxyle functional e, assi, pote esser qualificate un alcohol. Ma multe substantias (tal como acido citric, acido lactic, e sucrosa) contine un o plus gruppo hydroxyle functional sin usar le suffixo.
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