Tunicata

Tunicata es un subphylo de Chordata Olfactores.

Wikipedia:Uso de taxobox Tunicata Rango fossile: Cambrian – presente, 500–0 Ma[1][2] preꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N (forsan Ediacaran, 557 Ma[3][4])
Polycarpa aurata
Classification scientific
Regno: Animalia Phylo: Chordata (sin rango) Olfactores
Subphylo
Tunicata Lamarck, 1816[5]
Synonymia
Urochordata Lankester, 1877
Classes e generes fossile:
Thaliacea Ascidiacea (polyphyletic)[6] Enterogona Stolidobranchia Appendicularia Shankouclava (en) † Megasiphon †  ?Yarnemia (en) †

Tunicates son marin animales invertebrate. Pote haber un modo de vita pelagic o sessile epibenthic (in le caso del adulte ascidianes). Alcun tunicates son solitari, altere se replica per gemmation e forma colonias de zoides. Lor mobile larvas ha un notochorda e resimila un larva de rana.

Tunicates son characterisate per lor "tunica" (unic copertura externe), un cuticula constituite de proteinas e complex carbohydratos (cuje tunicina, un typo de cellulosa). In alcun species, tunica es tenue, translucido e gelatinose; in altere es spisse e rigide. Al contrario de altere exoskeleto, le tunica pote crescer con le animal.

Phylogenia

Le studio del phylogenia molecular monstra que le previe classe del Ascidiacea non es monophyletic. Le cladogramma actualisate es le sequente^[6][1]:

Tunicata	Appendicularia Stolidobranchia  Molgulidae Styelidae Pyuridae Thaliacea Doliolida Salpida  Enterogona  Phlebobranchia Aplousobranchia

Galeria

• 
  Bathochordaeus charon
• 
  Botrylloides violaceus
• 
  catena de salpas
• 
  colonia circular de salpas
• 
• 
  Clavelina moluccensis
• 
  Rhopalaea crassa.

Referentias

1. Karma Nanglu, Rudy Lerosey-Aubril, James C. Weaver, Javier Ortega-Hernández (2023-06-06). "A mid-Cambrian tunicate and the deep origin of the ascidiacean body plan" (in en). Nature communications. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39012-4.
2. "Geochronological constraint on the Cambrian Chengjiang biota, South China" (in en) (2018). Journal of the Geological Society 175 (4): 659–666. doi:10.1144/jgs2017-103. ISSN 0016-7649. Bibcode: 2018JGSoc.175..659Y.
3. "A new metazoan from the Vendian of the White Sea, Russia, with possible affinities to the ascidians" (2012). Paleontological Journal 46: 1–11. doi:10.1134/S0031030112010042.
4. "New Ediacaran fossils from the Ukraine, some with a putative tunicate relationship" (in en) (2021-12-01). PalZ 95 (4): 623–639. doi:10.1007/s12542-021-00596-1. ISSN 1867-6812.
5. Nielsen, C. (2012). "The authorship of higher chordate taxa". Zoologica Scripta 41 (4): 435–436. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00536.x.
6. Giribet, Gonzalo (2018-04-27). "Phylogenomics resolves the evolutionary chronicle of our squirting closest relatives". BMC Biology 16 (1): 49. doi:10.1186/s12915-018-0517-4. ISSN 1741-7007. PMID 29703197.