Vladimir Lenin
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Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Russian: Влади́мир Ильи́ч Улья́нов, IPA: vla'dʲimʲr ilj'itʂ ul'janʌf), better known as Lenin (Ленин)) (22 April 1870 - 21 January 1924) ek Russian revolutionary aur Bolshevik party ke leader rahaa. Uu Soviet Union ke pahil aleader rahaa. Soviet Union, Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) ke dusra naam hae. Lenin ke Leninism suruu kare khatir bhi jaana jaawe hae, jiske baad me Josif Stalin Marxism-Leninism naam diis rahaa.
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin Владимир Ильич Ленин | |
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars | |
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In office 8 November 1917 – 21 January 1924 | |
Preceded by | Alexander Kerensky (as President of the Provisional Government) |
Succeeded by | Alexei Rykov (Joseph Stalin as the party leader) |
Leader of the Bolshevik Party | |
In office 17 November 1903 – 21 January 1924 | |
Preceded by | None |
Succeeded by | Joseph Stalin (as General Secretary) |
Janam | 22 April 1870(1870-04-22) Simbirsk, Russian Empire |
Maut | 21 January 1924 (aged 53) Gorki, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
Nationality | Russian |
Political party | Bolshevik Party |
Spouse | Nadezhda Krupskaya |
Profession | Politician, Revolutionary, Lawyer |
Dharam | None (Atheist[1]) |
Signature |
School me , Lenin Latin aur Greek bhasa me achchhaa parrhat rahaa. 1887 me uske Kazan State University se nikal dewa gais rahaa kahe ki uu bahut radical rahaa aur Tsar ke virod me protest karis rahaa. Wahii saal me Lenin ke bhaiya, Alexander Ulyanov, ke Alexander III kr hatya kare ke kosis me faansi pe charrhawa gais rahaa. Lenin apne se parrte rahaa aur 1891 me uske lawyer ke licence mila.
St. Petersburg me jab, Lenin wakiili ke parrhai karat rahaa tab uu Karl Marx aur Friedrich Engels ke bichar ke baare me jaanis. Kaahe ki Marxism ke Russia me allowed nai rahaa, Lenin ke arrest kar ke jahel me kar dewa gais rahaa aur iske baad Siberia bhej dewa gais rahaa.
July 1898 me, jab uu Siberia me rahaa, tav uu ek socialist aurat, Nadezhda Krupskaya se saadi karis. 1899 me uu el book likhis, The Developm me rahaaent of Capitalism in Russia. 1900, Lenin ke Siberia se chhorr dewa gais rahaa.
Iske baad Lenin Europe bhar me ghumis aur ek Marxist newspaper, Iskra ke chapis, Russian sabd jiske matlab English me "spark" hae. Uu Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) ke ek leader ban gais.
1903 me, Lenin aur RSDLP ke duusra leader, Julius Martov ke biich me matbhed hoe gais, ii khatir ki Party ke kon rakam se organise karaa jaawe. Ii matbhed ke kaaran Party, dui gut (faction) me bat gais. Lenin maangat rahaa ek strict, centralised, aur disciplined model. Martov maangat rahaa ek kamtii strict, aur kamti centralised model. Martov ke gut waale ke Menshevik bola jaawat rahaa (jiske matlab hae "uu jon ki kamti hae"). Lenin ke gut waala logan ke Bolshevik bola jaawat rahaa ( jiske matlab hae "uu jon ki jaada maange hae").
Lenin, 1907 me Finland gais kaahe ki Marxists log khatir Finland, Russia se jaada surakchhit rahaa. Uu Europae bhar me ghumis aur dher socialist meeting aur ghatna me hissa liis rahaa. Ii time me uu London, Paris me dher jagha me rahaa, aur World War I ke time Geneva me. Larrai ke suruu ke time Second International ke ek barraa meeting, jisme Bolsheviks bhi rahin, broke down, kahe ki dher member Parties aapan des ke larrai me madat kare maangat rahin, aur ii idea Marxist idea of internationalism ke nai rahaa. Lenin aur Bolsheviks (jiske communists ke naamse bhi jaana jaawat rahaa) me se khaali kuchh log larrai ke virod karin Marxist kaaran se.