अफ्रीका का विघटन
विकिपीडिया से, मुक्त विश्वकोश
अफ्रीका के उपनिवेशवाद महाद्वीप के रूप में पर अचानक और कट्टरपंथी शासन में परिवर्तन के साथ 1975 तक मध्य से 1950 के दशक में हुआ था, औपनिवेशिक सरकारों को संक्रमण बना स्वतंत्र राज्यों ; यह अक्सर काफी असंगठित था और हिंसा और राजनीतिक उथल-पुथल के साथ शादी कर ली थी। फ्रांसीसी अल्जीरिया में अल्जीरियाई युद्ध , पुर्तगाली अंगोला में आजादी का अंगोला युद्ध , बेल्जियम के कांगो में कांगो संकट और ब्रिटिश केन्या में मऊ माउ विद्रोह सहित उत्तरी और उप-सहारा कालोनियों में संगठित विद्रोह के साथ व्यापक अशांति थी ।
 | यह सम्पूर्ण पृष्ठ या इसके कुछ अनुभाग हिन्दी के अतिरिक्त अन्य भाषा(ओं) में भी लिखे गए हैं। आप इनका करके विकिपीडिया की सहायता कर सकते हैं। |
| Country | Colonial name | Colonial power | Independence date | First head of state |
| Ethiopia | establishment as the Kingdom of Aksum | 1st century BC | ? | |
| Liberia | Commonwealth of Liberia | American Colonization Society | July 26, 1847 | Joseph Jenkins Roberts |
| Libya | Libya | Italy | December 24, 1951 | Idris |
| Egypt | Egypt | Britain | 1922/1936/1953 | n/a |
| Sudan | Sudan | Britain | January 1, 1956 | Ismail al-Azhari |
| Tunisia | Tunisia | France | March 20, 1956 | Muhammad VIII al-Amin |
| Morocco | Morocco | France | April 7, 1956 | Mohammed V |
| Ghana | Gold Coast | Britain | March 6, 1957 | Kwame Nkrumah |
| Guinea | French West Africa | France | October 2, 1958 | Sékou Touré |
| Cameroon | Cameroun | France, Britain | January 1, 1960 | Ahmadou Ahidjo |
| Togo | French Togoland | France | April 27, 1960 | Sylvanus Olympio |
| Mali | French West Africa | France | June 20, 1960 | Modibo Keita |
| Senegal | French West Africa | France | June 20, 1960 | Léopold Senghor |
| Madagascar | Malagasy Protectorate | France | June 26, 1960 | Philibert Tsiranana |
| DR Congo | Belgian Congo | Belgium | June 30, 1960 | Patrice Lumumba |
| Somalia | Italian Somaliland, British Somaliland | Italy, Britain | July 1, 1960 | Aden Abdullah Osman Daar |
| Benin | French West Africa | France | August 1, 1960 | Hubert Maga |
| Niger | French West Africa | France | August 3, 1960 | Hamani Diori |
| Burkina Faso | French West Africa | France | August 5, 1960 | Maurice Yaméogo |
| Côte d'Ivoire | Côte d'Ivoire | France | August 7, 1960 | Félix Houphouët-Boigny |
| Chad | French Equatorial Africa | France | August 11, 1960 | François Tombalbaye |
| Central African Republic | French Equatorial Africa | France | August 13, 1960 | David Dacko |
| Congo | French Equatorial Africa | France | August 15, 1960 | Fulbert Youlou |
| Gabon | French Equatorial Africa | France | August 17, 1960 | Léon M'ba |
| Nigeria | Nigeria | Britain | October 1, 1960 | Abubakar Tafawa Balewa |
| Mauritania | French West Africa | France | November 28, 1960 | Moktar Ould Daddah |
| Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone | Britain | April 27, 1961 | Milton Margai |
| Tanzania | Tanganyika | Britain | December 9, 1961 | Julius Nyerere |
| Rwanda | Ruanda-Urundi | Belgium | July 1, 1962 | Grégoire Kayibanda |
| Burundi | Ruanda-Urundi | Belgium | July 1, 1962 | Mwambutsa IV |
| Algeria | Algeria | France | July 3, 1962 | Ahmed Ben Bella |
| Uganda | British East Africa | Britain | October 9, 1962 | Milton Obote |
| Kenya | British East Africa | Britain | December 12, 1963 | Jomo Kenyatta |
| Malawi | Nyasaland | Britain | July 6, 1964 | Hastings Kamuzu Banda |
| Zambia | Northern Rhodesia | Britain | October 24, 1964 | Kenneth Kaunda |
| Gambia | Gambia | Britain | February 18, 1965 | Dawda Kairaba Jawara |
| Botswana | Bechuanaland | Britain | September 30, 1966 | Seretse Khama |
| Lesotho | Basutoland | Britain | October 4, 1966 | Leabua Jonathan |
| Swaziland | Swaziland | Britain | September 6, 1968 | Sobhuza II |
| Equatorial Guinea | Spanish Guinea | Spain | October 12, 1968 | Francisco Macías Nguema |
| Guinea-Bissau | Portuguese Guinea | Portugal | September 24, 1973 | Luis Cabral |
| Mozambique | Portuguese East Africa | Portugal | June 25, 1975 | Samora Machel |
| Angola | Angola | Portugal | November 11, 1975 | Agostinho Neto |
| Djibouti | French Somaliland | France | June 27, 1977 | Hassan Gouled Aptidon |
| Zimbabwe | Southern Rhodesia | Britain | April 18, 1980 | Robert Mugabe |
| Namibia | South West Africa | South Africa | March 21, 1990 | Sam Nujoma |
| Eritrea | Eritrea | Ethiopia | May 24, 1993 | Isaias Afewerki |
| South Africa | South Africa | South Africa (apartheid) | April 27, 1994 | Nelson Mandela |
| Sahrawi Republic 1 | Spanish Sahara | Spain | February 27, 1976 | El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed |
1 The Spanish colonial rule de facto terminated over the Western Sahara (then Rio de Oro), when the territory was passed on to and partitioned between Mauritania and Morocco (which annexes the entire territory in 1979), rendering the declared independence of the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic ineffective to the present day (it controls only a small portion east of the Moroccan Wall). Since Spain did not have the right to give away Western Sahara, under international law de jure the territory is still under Spanish administration. The de facto administrator is however Morocco. See United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories
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