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Sclerosis da yawa (MS) cuta ce mai lalata jini wanda a cikinsa ya lalace murfin jijiyoyi a cikin kwakwalwa da kashin baya.[1] Wannan lalacewa yana rushe ikon sassan tsarin juyayi don watsa sigina, wanda ke haifar da nau'o'in alamu da alamu, ciki har da kuma matsalolin jiki, tunani, da kuma wasu lokuta na tabin hankali.[2][3][4] Takamaiman bayyanar cututtuka na iya haɗawa da hangen nesa biyu, makanta a cikin ido ɗaya, raunin tsoka da matsala tare da jin daɗi ko daidaitawa.[1] MS yana ɗaukar nau'o'i da yawa, tare da sababbin alamu ko dai suna faruwa a cikin keɓantattun hare-hare (saukan sake dawowa) ko haɓakawa na tsawon lokaci (sifofin ci gaba).[5] Tsakanin hare-hare, bayyanar cututtuka na iya ɓacewa gaba ɗaya; duk da haka, matsalolin jijiyoyi na dindindin sukan kasance sau da yawa, musamman yayin da cutar ta ci gaba.[6]
Sclerosis da yawa | |
---|---|
Description (en) | |
Iri |
demyelinating disease (en) , demyelinating disease of central nervous system (en) , autoimmune disease of central nervous system (en) cuta |
Specialty (en) | neurology (en) |
Symptoms and signs (en) | chronic neuropathic pain (en) |
Physical examination (en) |
magnetic resonance imaging (en) , positron emission tomography (en) lumbar puncture (en) |
Genetic association (en) | CLSTN2 (en) , BTNL2 (en) , HLA-DRA (en) , HACE1 (en) , VTI1A (en) , SAMD12 (en) , TLL1 (en) , RNASEL (en) , EGFL6 (en) , TSBP1 (en) , MLANA (en) , IL2RA (en) , STAT3 (en) , EPS15L1 (en) , TAGAP (en) , ZMIZ1 (en) , AHI1 (en) , ALPK2 (en) , BACH2 (en) , BATF (en) , CD58 (en) , CD86 (en) , CHST12 (en) , CLEC16A (en) , CLECL1 (en) , CXCR5 (en) , CYP24A1 (en) , DKKL1 (en) , DLEU1 (en) , EVI5 (en) , FCRL3 (en) , IL7R (en) , MALT1 (en) , MAPK1 (en) , MERTK (en) , MPV17L2 (en) , MYNN (en) , NDFIP1 (en) , PLCL2 (en) , PVR (en) , RGS14 (en) , RPS6KB1 (en) , RREB1 (en) , SAE1 (en) , SP140 (en) , SYK (en) , TNFRSF1A (mul) , TNFSF14 (en) , ZBTB46 (en) , ZFP36L1 (en) , TRIM2 (en) , YWHAG (en) , SUMF1 (en) , CUEDC1 (en) , VAV2 (en) , CBLB (en) , MGAT5 (en) , CD6 (en) , MPHOSPH9 (en) , PDZRN4 (en) , CSMD1 (en) , GPC5 (en) , RELN (en) , NLRP11 (en) , C1GALT1 (en) , MET (en) , KIF1B (en) da SGCD (en) |
Medical treatment (en) | |
Magani | mitoxantrone (en) , dantrolene (en) , hydroxocobalamin (en) , azathioprine (en) , (RS)-baclofen (en) , interferon beta-1a (en) , interferon beta-1b (en) , (RS)-cyclophosphamide (en) , cyanocobalamin (en) , cladribine (en) , teriflunomide (en) , fingolimod (en) , apremilast (en) , alemtuzumab (en) , rituximab (en) , dalfampridine (en) , gabapentin, daclizumab (en) , modafinil (en) , natalizumab (en) , armodafinil (en) , methylprednisolone (en) , dimethyl fumarate (en) , pregabalin (en) , dalfampridine (en) , betamethasone (en) , monomethyl fumarate (en) , fingolimod (en) , teriflunomide (en) da corticotropin (en) |
Identifier (en) | |
ICD-10-CM | G35 |
ICD-9-CM | 340 |
OMIM | 612594, 612596 da 612595 |
DiseasesDB | 8412 |
MedlinePlus | 000737 |
eMedicine | 000737 |
MeSH | D009103 |
GeneReviews | NBK1316 |
Disease Ontology ID | DOID:2377 |
Duk da yake ba a san dalilin ba ana tunanin tsarin da ke ciki ko dai lalacewa ta hanyar tsarin rigakafi ko gazawar sel masu samar da myelin.[7] Abubuwan da aka kawo na wannan sun haɗa da kwayoyin halitta da abubuwan muhalli waɗanda kamuwa da cuta ke haifar da su.[8][9] Yawancin lokaci ana bincikar MS bisa ga alamu da alamun bayyanar da sakamakon goyan bayan gwaje-gwajen likita.[10]
Babu sanannen magani ga sclerosis da yawa.[1] Jiyya na ƙoƙarin inganta aiki bayan hari da hana sabbin hare-hare.[8] Magungunan da ake amfani da su don magance MS, yayin da suke da inganci, na iya samun illa kuma ba a jure su da kyau ba.[1] Magungunan jiki na iya taimakawa tare da ikon mutane na yin aiki.[1] Mutane da yawa suna bin madadin jiyya, duk da rashin shaidar fa'ida.[11] Sakamakon dogon lokaci yana da wuyar tsinkaya; Mafi sau da yawa ana ganin sakamako mai kyau a cikin mata, waɗanda suka kamu da cutar a farkon rayuwarsu, waɗanda ke da koma baya, da waɗanda suka ɗanɗana farkon harin.[12] Tsawon rayuwa ya yi ƙasa da na al'ummar da ba a shafa ba a matsakaicin shekaru biyar zuwa goma.[2]
Sclerosis da yawa ita ce mafi yawan cututtuka na rigakafi da ke shafar tsarin kulawa na tsakiya.[13] A cikin 2015, kimanin mutane miliyan 2.3 ne abin ya shafa a duniya, tare da adadin ya bambanta sosai a yankuna daban-daban da kuma tsakanin al'ummomi daban-daban.[14][15] A wannan shekarar, kimanin mutane 18,900 ne suka mutu daga MS, daga 12,000 a 1990.[16][17] Cutar takan fara tsakanin shekaru ashirin da hamsin kuma sau biyu sau biyu ga mata kamar na maza.[18] An fara bayyana MS a cikin 1868 ta likitan ilimin likitancin Faransa Jean-Martin Charcot.[19] Sunan sclerosis da yawa yana nufin ɗimbin tabo mai glial (ko sclerae - ainihin plaques ko raunuka) waɗanda ke tasowa akan fararen fata na kwakwalwa da kashin baya.[19] Sabbin jiyya da hanyoyin ganowa suna ƙarƙashin haɓakawa.[20]
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