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Dogon (ko Kaador, Kaado ) ƙabilu ne masu asali na tsakiyar yankin plateau na Mali, a Afirka ta Yamma, kudu da lanƙwasa Nijar, kusa da garin Bandiagara, da kuma Burkina Faso . Yawan mutanen ya kasance tsakanin dubu Dari hudu 400,000 zuwa dubu dari takwas 800,000. Suna magana da yaren Dogon, waɗanda ake ganin sun zama wani reshe mai zaman kansa na dangin harsunan Nijar-Kongo, ma'ana ba su da kusanci da kowane yare.
 | |
| Yankuna masu yawan jama'a | |
|---|---|
| Mali da Burkina Faso |
 Dogon men in their ceremonial attire | |
| Jimlar yawan jama'a | |
|---|---|
| 1,591,787 (2012–2013) | |
| Yankuna masu yawan jama'a | |
 Mali | |
| Harsuna | |
| Dogon languages, French | |
| Addini | |
| African traditional religion, Islam, Christianity |
Dogon an Kuma fi saninsa da al'adun addininsu, raye-rayen maskinsu, sassaƙa katako, da kuma gine-ginensu. Tun ƙarni na ashirin, an sami sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci a cikin zamantakewar al'umma, al'adun kayan abu da imanin Dogon, a wani bangare saboda kasar Dogon na ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren shaƙatawa na Mali.
Babban yankin Dogon yana bankin Bandiagara Escarpment, dutsen da ya kai 500 m (1,640.42 ft) babba, mai shimfiɗa kusan 150 kilomita (mil mil 90). A kudu maso gabashin dutsen, ana samun Yankin Séno-Gondo mai yashi, kuma arewa maso yammacin dutsen shi ne Bandiagara Highlands. A tarihance, an kuma kafa ƙauyukan Dogon a yankin Bandiagara shekaru dubu da suka gabata saboda mutane gabaɗaya sun ƙi musulunta kuma sun koma daga yankunan da musulmai ke iko da su.
Rashin tsaro na Dogon ta fuskar waɗannan matsin lamba na tarihi ya sa suka gano ƙauyukansu cikin mawuyacin matsayi tare da bangon shingen. Sauran abin da ya shafi zabin wurin matsuguninsu shi ne samun ruwa. Kogin Neja yana nan kusa kuma a cikin dutsen yashi, kuma akwai riɓe mai gudu a ƙasan dutsen a mafi ƙarancin yankin a lokacin damina.
Daga cikin Dogon, an rubuta al'adun gargajiya da yawa dangane da asalinsu. Relaaya ya danganta da zuwansu daga Mande, wanda ke kudu maso yammacin shingen Bandiagara kusa da Bamako . Dangane da wannan al'adar ta baka, an kuma kafa garin Dogon na farko a cikin yankin kudu maso yamma na ragin a Kani-Na [1] Nazarin kimiyyar binciken tarihi da ilimin kabilanci a cikin yankin Dogon sun kasance suna bayyana musamman game da sasantawa da tarihin muhalli, da kuma game da ayyukan zamantakewar jama'a da fasahohi a wannan yankin cikin dubunnan shekaru. [2] [3] [4]
Bayan lokaci, Dogon ya koma arewa tare da rakiyar, yana isa yankin Sanga a cikin karni na 15. [5] Sauran tarihin baka sun sanya asalin Dogon zuwa yamma ta gefen kogin Niger, ko kuma labarin Dogon da ke zuwa daga gabas. Da alama Dogon na yau zuriyar ƙungiyoyi daban-daban ne masu asali daban-daban waɗanda suka yi ƙaura don tserewa daga musuluncin .
Sau da yawa yana da wahala a rarrabe tsakanin ayyukan kafin Musulunci da ayyukan da suka biyo baya. Amma shari'ar Musulunci classified da Dogon da kuma wasu kabilu na yankin ( Mossi, Gurma, Bobo, Busa da Yarbawa ) a matsayin kasancewa a cikin waɗanda ba Canon dar al-Harb kuma saboda haka adalci wasan domin bawa hare-hare shirya yan kasuwa. [6] Yayin da bunƙasar birane ya ƙaru, bukatar bayi a duk yankin Yammacin Afirka ya karu. Abubuwan tarihi sun haɗa da kisan mazauna asalinsu ta hanyar maharan da bautar mata da yara. [7]
Kusan shekaru 1000, mutanen Dogon, tsohuwar ƙabilar Mali [8] sun gamu da tsangwama ta fuskar addini da ƙabilanci-ta hanyar jihadi ta hanyar manyan musulmai. [9] Wadannan tafiye-tafiyen jihadi sun kafa kansu don tilasta Dogon ya yi watsi da imanin addininsu na gargajiya don Musulunci. Irin waɗannan jihadin sun sa Dogon ya bar ƙauyukansu na asali kuma ya haura zuwa tsaunukan Bandiagara don ingantaccen tsaro da kuma guje wa tsanantawa-galibi suna gina gidajensu a cikin ƙananan hanyoyi da kwanciya. [10]
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Dogon zane ya ƙunshi kayan zane-zane. Abun Dogon ya ta'allaka ne da ƙimomin addini, manufa, da 'yanci (Laude, 19). Ba a sanya siffofin Dogon don a gani a bainar jama'a, kuma galibi ana ɓoye su daga idanun jama'a a cikin gidajen iyalai, wurare masu tsarki, ko kuma a ajiye su tare da Hogon (Laude, 20). Mahimmancin sirri shine saboda ma'anar alama a bayan gutsuttsura da kuma hanyar da ake yin su.
Jigogin da aka samo a ko'ina cikin gunkin Dogon sun haɗa da siffofi masu dauke da makamai, adadi masu gemu, mahayan dawakai, kujeru da caryatids, mata da yara, siffofin da ke rufe fuskokinsu, matan nika gero na mata, mata dauke da kaya a kawunansu, jakunana ke ɗauke da kofuna, makaɗa, karnuka .
Alamun wasu abokan hulɗa da asali sun bayyana a cikin fasahar Dogon. Mutanen Dogon ba sune farkon mazaunan tsaunukan Bandiagara ba. Tasiri daga fasahar Tellem a bayyane yake a cikin fasahar Dogon saboda ƙirar zane-zanen ta (Laude, 24).
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Makaho dattijon Dogon, Ogotemmêli, ya koyar da manyan alamomin addinin Dogon ga masanin halayyar ɗan adam ɗan Faransa Marcel Griaule a watan Oktoban shekarar 1946. Griaule ya rayu tsakanin Dogon shekaru goma sha biyar kafin wannan taron tare da Ogotemmêli. Ogotemmêli ya koyar da Griaule labaran addini kamar yadda Ogotemmêli ya koya daga wurin mahaifinsa da kakansa; koyarwar baka wanda ya koya tsawon shekaru sama da ashirin. Abin da ya sa rikodin ya zama da mahimmanci ta fuskar tarihi shi ne cewa mutanen Dogon suna rayuwa cikin al'adarsu ta baka a lokacin da aka rubuta addininsu. Sun kasance ɗaya daga cikin mutanen ƙarshe a Afirka ta Yamma da suka rasa independenceancinsu kuma suka shiga ƙarƙashin mulkin Faransa.
Mutanen Dogon wadanda Groulele da Germaine Dieterlen masanin halayyar ɗan adam na Faransa suka yi aiki tare a tsakanin shekarun 1930 zuwa 1940 suna da tsarin alamomi wanda ya kai dubbai, gami da "tsarinsu na ilimin taurari da ma'auni na zamani, hanyoyin lissafi da ilimin ilimin lissafi da na ilimin lissafi, kamar yadda kazalika da tsari pharmacopoeia ". Addinin ya haɗa da ɓangarori da yawa na dabi'a waɗanda ake samu a wasu addinan gargajiya na Afirka .
Babban mahimman ruhaniya a cikin addinin sune tagwayen Nummo / Nommo . A cewar Ogotemmêli ta bayanin su, da Nummo, wanda shi ma ya koma ga maciji, sun halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da aka sau da yawa idan aka kwatanta da macizai, kadangaru, hawainiya, kuma lokaci-lokaci da dabbobi masu shayarwa sloths (saboda su zama m dabba ba a kanta da kuma ciwon m wuyansa) . An kuma bayyana su a matsayin kifaye masu iya tafiya a kan ƙasa; yayin da suke kan tudu, Nummo ya tsaya a tsaye kan wutsiyoyinsu. Fatar Nummos ta kasance kore da farko, amma, kamar hawainiya, wani lokacin yakan canza launuka. A wasu lokuta, ana cewa fatar tana da dukkan launuka na bakan gizo. [11]
An gina ƙauyuka tare da raƙuman ruwa da kuma kusa da tushen ruwa. A matsakaici, ƙauye ya ƙunshi kusan gidaje 44 waɗanda aka tsara a kusa da 'ginna', ko gidan shugaban al'umma. Kowane ƙauye ya ƙunshi tsatson asali guda ɗaya (lokaci-lokaci, jinsi da yawa suna yin ƙauye ɗaya) wanda aka bi ta layin maza. An gina gidaje kusa da juna, sau da yawa ana raba bango da benaye.
Ƙauyukan Dogon suna da gine-gine daban-daban:
Rukunin manazartai domin ƙarin bayani wajen bincike game da mutanen Dogon.
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