Mai Neman Mafaka

Mai neman mafaka shine mutumin da ya bar ƙasarsa ta zama wato ta (asali), ya shiga wata ƙasa kuma ya nemi mafaka (watau, kariyar ƙasa da ƙasa) a cikin wannan ƙasar. Mai neman mafaka bakin haure ne da aka tilastawa yin gudun hijira sannan kuma mai yiwuwa ya gudu daga kasarsa saboda yaki ko wasu abubuwan da ke cutar da su ko danginsu. Idan an yarda da shari'arsu, sai su zama 'yan gudun hijira. Sharuɗɗan mai neman mafaka da ɗan gudun hijira galibi suna rikicewa.

Mai Neman Mafaka
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	displaced person (en)
Yadda ake kira mace	demandeuse d'asile

Jurisdiction	Article	Past and present legislation/treaties	Related organizations and programs	Related events and people
{{country data African Union}}		Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa Kampala Convention	Africa Refugee Day
Asturaliya	Asylum in Australia		Asylum Seeker Resource Centre
Albaniya				Uyghur asylum in Albania
Azerbaijan	Refugees in Azerbaijan
Brazil			National Committee for Refugees (Comitê Nacional para os Refugiados [pt], CONARE)
Kanada	Asylum in Canada	Immigration and Refugee Protection Act Canada–United States Safe Third Country Agreement	Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada	Hong Kong asylum seekers in Canada
China (incl. Sin)	Refugees in Hong Kong		Justice Centre Hong Kong
Cuba				American fugitives in Cuba
Denmark			Center Sandholm Danish Refugee Council
[[File:|23px|link=]] internationality (en)	Asylum in the European Union	Dublin Regulation European Social Charter <i id="mwAWA">Reception Conditions Directive</i>, 2003 Policy Plan on Asylum, 2008 European Pact on Immigration and Asylum, 2008 <i id="mwAWc">Asylum Procedures Directive</i>, 2013	European Asylum Support Office European Asylum Curriculum Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund Eurodac European Council on Refugees and Exiles European Database on Asylum Law	European refugee crisis
Finland			Finnish Refugee Council
Faransa	Asylum in France	French: Code de l'Entree et du Sejour des Etrangers et du Droit d'Asile (CESEDA) Law on immigration and integration, 2006 Law on the control of immigration, integration and asylum, 2007	France terre d'asile Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides (OFPRA; Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons)
Jamus	Asylum in Germany		Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee Initiative Fund (offered by UNHCR) Pro Asyl
Greek			METAdrasi Hellenic Rescue Team	2016 Turkish military asylum incident in Greece
India	Refugees in India		Migration and Asylum Project UNHCR Representation in India
Ireland			Doras Irish Refugee Council Movement of Asylum Seekers in Ireland Nasc Sanctuary Runners	Bulelani Mfaco Lucky Khambule
Isra'ila	Israeli policy for non-Jewish African refugees			Usumain Baraka Eduard Stavytsky Payam Feili
[[File:|23px|link=no value]] Latin America		Cartagena Declaration on Refugees
Iran			UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees Association Najdeh
New Zealand	Refugees in New Zealand		Refugee Status Appeals Authority
Norway	Refugees in Norway		Norwegian Refugee Council	Rafał Gaweł
Rasha(incl. Kungiyar Sobiyet)	Refugees and asylum in Russia			Edward Lee Howard
Koriya ta Kudu	Refugees in South Korea			Refugees on Jeju Island
Switzerland			Be aware and share UniRef
UK	Asylum in the UK	<i id="mwAko">Polish Resettlement Act</i>, 1947 <i id="mwAk0">Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act</i>, 2002 <i id="mwAlA">Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants, etc.) Act</i>, 2004 <i id="mwAlM">UK Borders Act</i>, 2007	Asylum and Immigration Tribunal Asylum Support Partnership Refugee Council Scottish Refugee Council Unity Welsh Refugee Council	Jews escaping to the United Kingdom
Samfuri:Country data UN(incl. Switzerland)		<i id="mwAnA">Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees</i>, 1951 <i id="mwAnM">Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees</i>, 1967	Organizations: UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) International Refugee Organization UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador International Organization for Migration UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Nansen International Office for Refugees Documentation: Humanitarian visa Refugee identity certificate Refugee travel document Campaigns/initiatives: World Refugee Day Nansen Refugee Award
US	Asylum in the United States	<i id="mwApw">Immigration and Nationality Act</i>, 1952 <i id="mwAp8">Migration and Refugee Assistance Act</i>, 1962 <i id="mwAqI">Immigration and Nationality Act</i>, 1965 <i id="mwAqU">United States Refugee Act</i>, 1980 <i id="mwAqg">Immigration Act</i>, 1990 Canada–United States Safe Third Country Agreement	Immigration and Naturalization Service U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)	Operation Provide Comfort

Mutum ya zama mai neman mafaka ta hanyar gabatar da taƙaddama don neman izinin zama a wata ƙasa kuma yana riƙe wannan matsayin har sai an gama aikace-aikacen. Hukumomin shige da fice masu dacewa na kasar masu neman mafaka suna tantance ko za a baiwa mai neman mafakar kariya kuma ya zama dan gudun hijirar da aka amince da shi a hukumance ko kuma za a ki karbar mafaka kuma mai neman mafakar ya zama baƙin haure ba bisa doka ba wanda za a iya tambayar sa ya bar kasar har ma yana iya zama kora

A cikin Ingilishi na Arewacin kasar Amurka, ana amfani da kalmar asylee . Asylee na iya zama mai neman mafaka, kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama, ko kuma mutumin da aka karɓi iƙirarinsa na neman mafaka kuma aka ba shi mafaka. ^[1] A matsakaita, kimanin mutane miliyan 1 ke neman mafaka a kowace shekara.

Ana iya sanin mai neman hijirar a matsayin ɗan gudun hijira kuma a ba shi matsayin ɗan gudun hijira idan halin da suke ciki ya faɗa cikin ma'anar 'yan gudun hijira bisa ga Yarjejeniyar' Yan Gudun Hijira ta 1951 ko wasu dokokin 'yan gudun hijira -kamar Yarjejeniyar Turai kan' Yancin Ɗan Adam, idan an nemi mafaka a cikin Tarayyar Turai . Koyaya, waɗanda suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar 'yan gudun hijirar suna ƙirƙirar manufofinsu don kimanta matsayin kariyar masu neman mafaka, kuma yawan masu neman mafakar da aka karɓa ko aka ƙi a kowace shekara daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa.

Haƙƙoƙin masu neman mafaka

Yayin da ake jiran shawarar masu neman mafaka suna da iyakoki a cikin kasar mafaka. A mafi yawan ƙasashe ba a ba su izinin yin aiki ba kuma a wasu ƙasashen ma ba sa kai. A wasu kasashen ba a basu izinin yin walwala cikin kasar ba.^{[ana buƙatar hujja]} Ko da samun damar kiwon lafiya yana da iyaka. A Tarayyar Turai, wadanda har yanzu ba a ba su matsayin 'yan gudun hijira ba kuma har yanzu suna cikin tsarin neman mafaka suna da wasu hakkoki na samun damar kula da lafiya. Wannan ya hada da samun damar kula da lafiya da halayyar mutum. Ko yaya, waɗannan na iya bambanta dangane da ƙasar mai masaukin. Misali, a karkashin Dokar Amfanar da Masu Neman Yan Gudun Hijira a Ƙasar Jamus, masu neman mafakar ba sa cikin kulawa ta farko kuma an iyakance su ga kulawar lafiyar gaggawa, allurar rigakafin ciki, haihuwa da haihuwa tare da iyakancewa kan kulawa ta musamman. Masu neman mafakar suna da babbar dama ta fuskantar bukatun kiwon lafiya wanda ba a cika samu ba idan aka kwatanta da na gama-gari na Jamusawa. Har ila yau masu neman mafaka suna da mafi girman rashin karbar asibiti kuma a kalla ziyara guda ɗaya zuwa masu ilimin halayyar dangi, dangane da yawan jama'ar Jamusawa.^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}

Batutuwa

Ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ke damuwa da 'yan gudun hijira da masu neman mafaka sun nuna matsaloli ga' yan gudun hijirar don neman mafaka a ƙasashe masu ci gaban masana'antu. Kasancewar manufofin bakin haure a ƙasashe da dama galibi suna maida hankali ne kan yaƙar bakin haure ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma karfafa kula da iyakoki, hakan yana hana 'yan gudun hijirar shiga yankin da zasu shigar da bukatar neman mafaka. Rashin dama don samun damar hanyoyin neman mafaka na doka na iya tilasta wa 'yan gudun hijirar su yi yunƙurin shiga cikin haɗari.

Jurisdiction	Article	Past and present legislation/treaties	Related organizations and programs	Related events and people
{{country data African Union}}		Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa Kampala Convention	Africa Refugee Day
Asturaliya	Asylum in Australia		Asylum Seeker Resource Centre
Albaniya				Uyghur asylum in Albania
Azerbaijan	Refugees in Azerbaijan
Brazil			National Committee for Refugees (Comitê Nacional para os Refugiados [pt], CONARE)
Kanada	Asylum in Canada	Immigration and Refugee Protection Act Canada–United States Safe Third Country Agreement	Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada	Hong Kong asylum seekers in Canada
China (incl. Sin)	Refugees in Hong Kong		Justice Centre Hong Kong
Cuba				American fugitives in Cuba
Denmark			Center Sandholm Danish Refugee Council
[[File:|23px|link=]] internationality (en)	Asylum in the European Union	Dublin Regulation European Social Charter <i id="mwAWA">Reception Conditions Directive</i>, 2003 Policy Plan on Asylum, 2008 European Pact on Immigration and Asylum, 2008 <i id="mwAWc">Asylum Procedures Directive</i>, 2013	European Asylum Support Office European Asylum Curriculum Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund Eurodac European Council on Refugees and Exiles European Database on Asylum Law	European refugee crisis
Finland			Finnish Refugee Council
Faransa	Asylum in France	French: Code de l'Entree et du Sejour des Etrangers et du Droit d'Asile (CESEDA) Law on immigration and integration, 2006 Law on the control of immigration, integration and asylum, 2007	France terre d'asile Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides (OFPRA; Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons)
Jamus	Asylum in Germany		Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee Initiative Fund (offered by UNHCR) Pro Asyl
Greek			METAdrasi Hellenic Rescue Team	2016 Turkish military asylum incident in Greece
India	Refugees in India		Migration and Asylum Project UNHCR Representation in India
Ireland			Doras Irish Refugee Council Movement of Asylum Seekers in Ireland Nasc Sanctuary Runners	Bulelani Mfaco Lucky Khambule
Isra'ila	Israeli policy for non-Jewish African refugees			Usumain Baraka Eduard Stavytsky Payam Feili
[[File:|23px|link=no value]] Latin America		Cartagena Declaration on Refugees
Iran			UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees Association Najdeh
New Zealand	Refugees in New Zealand		Refugee Status Appeals Authority
Norway	Refugees in Norway		Norwegian Refugee Council	Rafał Gaweł
Rasha(incl. Kungiyar Sobiyet)	Refugees and asylum in Russia			Edward Lee Howard
Koriya ta Kudu	Refugees in South Korea			Refugees on Jeju Island
Switzerland			Be aware and share UniRef
UK	Asylum in the UK	<i id="mwAko">Polish Resettlement Act</i>, 1947 <i id="mwAk0">Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act</i>, 2002 <i id="mwAlA">Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants, etc.) Act</i>, 2004 <i id="mwAlM">UK Borders Act</i>, 2007	Asylum and Immigration Tribunal Asylum Support Partnership Refugee Council Scottish Refugee Council Unity Welsh Refugee Council	Jews escaping to the United Kingdom
Samfuri:Country data UN(incl. Switzerland)		<i id="mwAnA">Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees</i>, 1951 <i id="mwAnM">Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees</i>, 1967	Organizations: UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) International Refugee Organization UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador International Organization for Migration UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Nansen International Office for Refugees Documentation: Humanitarian visa Refugee identity certificate Refugee travel document Campaigns/initiatives: World Refugee Day Nansen Refugee Award
US	Asylum in the United States	<i id="mwApw">Immigration and Nationality Act</i>, 1952 <i id="mwAp8">Migration and Refugee Assistance Act</i>, 1962 <i id="mwAqI">Immigration and Nationality Act</i>, 1965 <i id="mwAqU">United States Refugee Act</i>, 1980 <i id="mwAqg">Immigration Act</i>, 1990 Canada–United States Safe Third Country Agreement	Immigration and Naturalization Service U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)	Operation Provide Comfort

Duba kuma

• 'Yancin mafaka
• Coci mafaka
• Korar mutane
• Gudun hijira
• Eduntatawa ga kora
• Mutum mai gudun hijira
• Tilastawa tilastawa a cikin sanannun al'adu
• Takardar shaidar zama 'yan gudun hijira
• Caca 'yan gudun hijira
• Tsarkakakken gari
• Rashin ƙasa

Ƙungiyoyi masu alaƙa

• Kungiyar 'Yan Gudun Hijira da Hijira ^[2]
• Amnesty International
• Kwamitin Kasa da Kasa na Red Cross
• Cibiyoyin Gudun Hijira na Duniya

Manazarta

  

Kara karantawa

• Hatton, Timothy J. 2020. " Gudun Hijira zuwa Bunƙasar Duniya: Tsanantawa, Inarfafawa, da Manufofi. " Jaridar Ra'ayoyin Tattalin Arziki 34 (1): 75-93.

1. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/asylee
2. Home page, ORAM.