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Gudawa ko diarrhoea wani sauyin yanayi ne na mutum da ya ke sawa a yi tsuguno mai ruwa-ruwa ko rikicewar ciki a ƙalla sau uku a ko wace rana. Wani lokaci ta kan ɗauki kwanaki wanda hakan ke jawo bushewar jiki sabo da rasa ruwa a jiki.[2] Alamomin bushewar jiki wasu lokuta na farawa ne da rashin jawuwar fata da kuma canja kamanni. Wannan na iya ci gaba zuwa raguwar fitsari, canjin launin fata, ƙaruwar bugun zuciya cikin sauri da kuma fita daga hayyaci idan abin ya yi tsanani. Bayan gari marar tauri amma ba mai ruwa-ruwa ba a wajen yara da ake shayarwa, na iya zama abin da aka saba.[3]
| Gudawa | |
|---|---|
 | |
Description (en)  | |
| Iri |
gastrointestinal system disease (en) , clinical sign (en) , feces and droppings symptom (en) cuta |
| Specialty (en) |
infectious diseases (en) gastroenterology (en) |
| Sanadi |
Rotavirus (en) |
| Medical treatment (en) | |
| Magani |
carbonic acid (en) , lidamidine (en) da oral rehydration therapy (en) |
| Identifier (en) | |
| ICD-9-CM | 787.91 da 009.2 |
| ICD-10 | K59.1 da A09 |
| OMIM | 123400 |
| DiseasesDB | 3742 |
| MedlinePlus | 003126 |
| eMedicine | 003126 |
| MeSH | D003967 |
| Disease Ontology ID | DOID:13250 |
| Gudawa | |
|---|---|
|
| |
| Hoton ƙwayar cuta cuta mai haddasa gudawa, wadda kuma ke sanadiyyar kwantar da kusan kaso 40% na yara masu ƙasa da shekaru biyar a asibiti.[1] | |
 | |
| Specialty |
Infectious diseases, gastroenterology  |
Babban abin da ya ke jawowa ita ce matsala a hanji ko dai sabo da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, bakteriya, parasait, ko yanayin da aka sani da kumburin ciki. Wannan kamuwa da cuta wasu lokuta a kan same ta daga abinci ko ruwa wanda bayan gari ya gurɓata, ko kuma kai tsaye daga mutumin da ya kamu. Za'a iya kasata kaso uku: gudawa mai ruwa-ruwa ta gajeren lokaci, gudawa mai jini-jini ta gajeren lokaci, idan kuma ta kai fiye da mako biyu, gudawa mai daɗewa. Gudawa mai ruwa-ruwa ta gajeren lokaci na iya zama a dalilin kamuwa da cutar kwalara. Idan akwai jini an fi saninta da atini.[3] Wasu abubuwa da ba na kamuwa da cuta ba na iya kawo gudawa wanɗanda suka haɗa da matsanancin aikin halittar cikin jiki mai kama da gurjiya, rashin juriya na aikin sukari a jiki, cuta mai haddasa kumburin hanji, mafi yawa daga shaye-shayen magunguna, da alamar rikicewar ciki da wasu abubuwa.[4] A yawaicin lokuta yanayin tsuguno ba'a bukatar bayaninsa domin tabbatar da ainihin sababi.[5]
Za'a iya inganta kariya daga kamuwa da gudawa ta inganta mahalli, tsaftace ruwan sha, da wanke hannu. Shayar da nono na aƙalla wata shida na da matuƙar amfani domin riga-kafi ne daga ƙwayoyin cuta. Haɗin gishiri da sukari (ORS), tare da tsaftataccen ruwa wanda aka haɗa da gishiri matsakaici da sukari, shi ne maganin da aka zaɓa. ƙwayoyin magani masu Zinc an bayar da shawarar amfani da su.[3] Wannan kaifiyyar maganin an ƙiyasta ta ceci yara miliyan 50 a cikin shekaru 25 da suka gabata.[1] Idan mutane suka kamu da gudawa ana bayarda da shawara cewa su cigaba da cin abinci mai tsafta sannan kuma jarirai a ci gaba da shayar da su nono.[3] Idan ba'a sami haɗin ORS na sayarwa ba, ana iya amfani da haɗin gida.[6] Ga waɗanda ke fama da matsanancin rashin ruwa a jikinsu, za'a iya bukatar ƙarin ruwa ta jijiyar jini.[3] Yawancin lokuta; duk da haka, ana iya amfani da shan ruwa ta baki.[7] Ƙwayoyin magani na Antibiotic, duk da cewa ba'a cika amfani da su ba, ana iya bayar da shawarar amfani da su a wasu lokuta ƙalilan ga masu fama da gudawa mai haɗe da jini da kuma zazzaɓi mai zafi, da kuma fama da matsananciyar gudawa da kan biyo bayan balaguro, da waɗanda suke da wata ƙwayar bakteriya ko parasait a bayan gudawarsu.[5] ƙwayar magani ta Loperamide na iya taimakawa wajen rage yawan motsin ciki amma ba'a bayar da shawarar amfani da shi ba ga masu matsananciyar cuta.[5]
Kimanin matsaloli biliyan 1.7 zuwa 5 na gudawa ake samu a shekara.[3][4] Tafi zama ruwan dare a ƙasashe masu tasowa, a inda ƙananan yara ke samun gudawa cikin a ƙalla sau uku a shekara.[3] A duniya baki ɗaya, a cikin shekara ta 2012, ita ce sanadiyyar mutawa ga yara masu ƙasa da shekaru biyar (miliyan 0.76 ko 11%).[3][8] Yawan samun afkuwar gudawa kuma shi ne sababin rashin ingantaccen abinci kuma abin da ya fi jawo wannan ga ƙananan yara masu ƙasa da shekaru biyar.[3] Wasu matsalolin masu nisa da kan iya afkuwa sun haɗa da rashin haɓaka ta jiki da kuma tunani.[8]
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