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Rusyn ( / ˈr uːsɪn / ; [ Carpathian Rusyn </link> ; Pannonian Rusyn </link> ) [2] harshen Slavic na Gabas ne wanda Rusyns ke magana a sassan Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai, kuma an rubuta shi cikin rubutun Cyrillic . [3] A cikin al'umma, harshen kuma ana magana da shi ta tsohuwar kalmar jama'a, руснацькый язык </link> , [2] [4] ko kuma kawai ake magana a kai a matsayin magana hanyarmu ( Carpathian Rusyn </link> ). [3] Yawancin masu magana suna zaune a yankin da aka sani da Carpathian Ruthenia wanda ya taso daga Transcarpathia, zuwa yamma zuwa gabashin Slovakia da kudu maso gabashin Poland. [3] Hakanan akwai tsibiri mai girma na Pannonian Rusyn a cikin Vojvodina, Serbia, [3] da kuma ƴan ƙasashen waje na Rusyn a duk faɗin duniya. [5] [6] Bisa ga Yarjejeniya ta Turai don Harsunan Yanki ko Ƙananan Ƙananan, Rusyn an amince da shi a matsayin harshen tsirarun kariya ta Bosnia da Herzegovina, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Poland (a matsayin Lemko), Serbia, da Slovakia . [7]
Yaren Rusyn | |
---|---|
Русиньскый язык — русиньскый язык | |
'Yan asalin magana | 610,000 |
| |
Baƙaƙen rubutu |
Rusyn alphabet (en) ![]() ![]() |
Lamban rijistar harshe | |
ISO 639-3 |
rue |
Glottolog |
rusy1239 [1] |
|
A cikin yaren Ingilishi, kalmar Rusyn ta amince da ita a hukumance ta ISO . Wasu sunaye kuma a wasu lokuta ana amfani da su don yin nuni ga yare, galibi waɗanda aka samo daga exonyms kamar Ruthenian ko Ruthene ( UK : / r ʊ ˈθ iːn /, US : / r uː ˈ θ iːn / ), waɗanda ke da ƙarin ma'anoni na gabaɗaya, don haka (ta hanyar ƙara sifofin yanki) an ƙirƙiri wasu takamaiman nadi, kamar: Carpathian Ruthenian/Ruthene ko Carpatho-Ruthenian/Ruthene. [8]
Rarraba Rusyn a matsayin harshe ko yare shine tushen jayayya. [9] Czech, Slovak, da Hungarian, da Amurkawa da wasu masana harsuna na Poland da Serbia suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani harshe na musamman [10] [ bukatar sabuntawa ]</link></link> (tare da lambar ta ISO 639-3 ), yayin da sauran malamai (a cikin Ukraine, Poland, Serbia, da Romania) suna ɗaukar shi azaman yare na Ukrainian . [11] [ yana buƙatar sabuntawa ]</link></link>
Rarraba harshen Rusyn a tarihi ya kasance duka biyun a cikin yare da kuma siyasa. A cikin karni na 19, an gabatar da tambayoyi da yawa tsakanin masana ilimin harshe, game da rabe-raben yarukan Slavic na Gabas da ake magana a yankunan arewa maso gabas (Carpathian) na Masarautar Hungary, da kuma yankunan da ke makwabtaka da Masarautar Galicia da Lodomeria . Daga waɗancan tambayoyin, manyan ka'idoji guda uku ne suka fito: [5]
Duk da wadannan rigingimun na harshe, kalmomin hukuma da Masarautar Austro-Hungary ta yi amfani da su da ke mulkin yankin Carpathian sun kasance ba su canza ba. Ga hukumomin jihar Austro-Hungary, gaba dayan kungiyar harshen Slavic ta Gabas da ke cikin iyakokin Masarautar an rarraba su da harshen Ruthenian ( German </link> , Hungarian </link> ), kalmar archaic da exonymic wanda ya kasance ana amfani dashi har zuwa 1918. [12]
Dangane da rabe-raben yanki, harshen Rusyn yana wakilta ta takamaiman gungu guda biyu: na farko ya ƙunshi nau'ikan Carpathian Rusyn ko Carpatho-Rusyn, kuma na biyu yana wakiltar Pannonian Rusyn . [5]
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