Theravada
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Theravāda (/ˌtɛrəˈvɑːdə/) (Sinhala, Burmese, Thai, Khme, Lao, Pali , lit.' Makarantar Dattawa' ita ce sunan da aka fi yarda da ita na tsohuwar makarantar addinin Buddha. Mabiyan makarantar, waɗanda ake kira Theravādins, sun adana nau'in koyarwar Gautama Buddha ko Buddha Dhamma a cikin Canon na Pāli fiye da shekaru dubu biyu.
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Ka duba wannan shafin domin sanin yanda zaka gyara wannan mukalar Koyon rubuta mukala
Akwai yuwar admin ya goge wannan shafin matukar ba'a inganta ta ba. |
Canon na Pāli shine cikakken littafin addinin Buddha da ya tsira a cikin yaren Indiya na gargajiya, Pāli, wanda ke aiki a matsayin yare mai tsarki na makarantar da harshen yare. [1] Ya bambanta da Mahāyāna da Vajrayāna, Theravāda ya kasance mai ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin al'amuran rukunan (pariyatti) da kuma horo na monastic (vinaya). [2] Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan wannan ra'ayin mazan jiya shine gaskiyar cewa Theravāda ya ƙi sahihancin Mahayana sutras (wanda ya bayyana daga karni na 1 KZ zuwa gaba). [3] [4]
Theravāda na zamani ya samo asali ne daga tsarin Mahāvihāra, reshe na Sri Lanka na al'adar Vibhajjavāda, wanda shine, bi da bi, ƙungiyar Sthavira Nikaya ta Indiya. Wannan al'adar ta fara kafa kanta a Sri Lanka tun daga karni na 3 KZ. A Sri Lanka ne aka rubuta Pāli Canon kuma aka haɓaka littattafan sharhin makarantar. Daga Sri Lanka, al'adar Theravāda Mahāvihāra daga baya ta bazu zuwa sauran kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Addini ne na hukuma na Sri Lanka, Myanmar da Cambodia, kuma mafi rinjayen addini a Laos da Tailandia kuma wasu tsiraru ne ke yi a Indiya, Bangladesh, China, Nepal, Koriya ta Arewa da Vietnam. Kasashen waje na duka wadannan kungiyoyi, da wadanda suka tuba a duniya, su ma sun rungumi addinin Buddah na Theravada.
A lokacin modern era, sababbin abubuwan da suka faru sun haɗa da addinin Buddha na zamani, motsi na Vipassana wanda ya ƙarfafa aikin tunani na Theravāda, haɓakar al'adun gandun daji na Thai wanda ya sake jaddada monasticism na gandun daji da yaduwar Theravāda zuwa yamma zuwa wurare irin su Indiya da Nepal. tare da 'yan gudun hijira na addinin Buddah da tuba a cikin Tarayyar Turai da Amurka.