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Rashin ji, wanda kuma aka sani da nakasar ji, wani bangare ne ko gaba daya rashin iya ji.[1] Kurma ba shi da ɗan abin ji.[2] Rashin ji yana iya faruwa a cikin kunnuwa ɗaya ko biyu.[2] A cikin yara, matsalolin ji na iya shafar ikon koyon harshen magana kuma a cikin manya yana iya haifar da matsaloli tare da hulɗar zamantakewa da kuma wurin aiki.[3] Rashin ji na iya zama na ɗan lokaci ko na dindindin. Rashin jin da ke da alaƙa da shekaru yakan shafi kunnuwa biyu kuma yana faruwa ne saboda asarar gashi na cochlear.[4] A wasu mutane, musamman tsofaffi, asarar ji na iya haifar da kadaici.[2]
Rashin ji | |
---|---|
health problem (en) | |
Bayanai | |
Ƙaramin ɓangare na | hearing disorder (en) da sensory loss (en) |
Facet of (en) | Ji |
Karatun ta | audiology (en) , hearing science (en) da otolaryngology (en) |
NCI Thesaurus ID (en) | C35731 |
Rashin ji yana iya haifar da abubuwa da yawa, ciki har da: kwayoyin halitta, tsufa, bayyanar da surutu, wasu cututtuka, matsalolin haihuwa, raunin kunne, da wasu magunguna ko guba.[2] Yanayin gama gari wanda ke haifar da asarar ji shine cututtukan kunne na yau da kullun.[2] Wasu cututtuka a lokacin daukar ciki, irin su cytomegalovirus, syphilis da rubella, na iya haifar da asarar ji a cikin yaro.[2][5] Ana gano asarar ji lokacin da gwajin ji ya gano cewa mutum baya iya jin decibels 25 a cikin aƙalla kunne ɗaya.[2] Ana ba da shawarar gwajin rashin ji ga duk jarirai.[6] Za a iya rarraba asarar ji azaman mai sauƙi (25 zuwa 40 dB), matsakaici (41 zuwa 55 dB), matsakaici-mai tsanani (56 zuwa 70 dB), mai tsanani (71 zuwa 90 dB), ko mai zurfi (fiye da 90 dB).[2] Akwai manyan nau'ikan asarar ji guda uku: asarar ji mai ɗaukar nauyi, asarar ji na ji, da gaurayewar ji.[7]
Kimanin rabin asarar ji a duniya ana iya yin rigakafin ta ta matakan kiwon lafiyar jama'a.[2] Irin waɗannan ayyukan sun haɗa da rigakafi, kulawa mai kyau game da ciki, guje wa ƙarar ƙara, da guje wa wasu magunguna.[2] Hukumar lafiya ta duniya ta ba da shawarar cewa matasa su takaita bayyanar da sauti mai ƙarfi da kuma amfani da na'urar na'urar sauti na sirri zuwa sa'a guda a rana a wani yunƙuri na rage yawan hayaniya.[8] Ganewa da wuri da tallafi suna da mahimmanci musamman ga yara.[2] Ga yawancin kayan aikin ji, yaren kurame, dasa shuki da rubutun ra'ayi suna da amfani.[2] Karatun lebe wata fasaha ce mai amfani da wasu ke haɓakawa.[2] Samun damar ji, duk da haka, yana da iyaka a yankuna da yawa na duniya.[2]
Ya zuwa shekarar 2013, hasarar ji tana shafar kusan mutane biliyan 1.1 zuwa wani mataki.[9] Yana haifar da nakasu a cikin kusan mutane miliyan 466 (5% na yawan al'ummar duniya), da matsakaita zuwa nakasa a cikin mutane miliyan 124.[2][10][11] Daga cikin wadanda ke da matsakaita zuwa matsananci nakasassu miliyan 108 suna rayuwa ne a kasashe masu karamin karfi da matsakaicin kudin shiga.[12] Daga cikin wadanda ke da raunin ji, ya fara ne a lokacin yara don miliyan 65.[13] Waɗanda suke amfani da yaren kurame da kuma al’adun kurame suna ganin cewa suna da bambanci maimakon rashin lafiya.[14] Yawancin al'adun kurame suna adawa da yunƙurin warkar da kurame[15][16][17] kuma wasu a cikin wannan al'umma suna kallon cochlear da damuwa saboda suna da damar kawar da al'adarsu.[18] Kalmar "rashin jin" sau da yawa ana kallon rashin kyau yayin da yake jaddada abin da mutane ba za su iya yi ba.[14]
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