RAM
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Memory-access Memory ( RAM /r æ m / ) wani nau'i ne na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kwamfuta wanda za'a iya karantawa da canzawa a kowane tsari, yawanci ana amfani dashi don adana bayanan aiki da lambar inji.[1][2] A bazuwar-access ƙwaƙwalwar na'urar damar data abubuwa da za a karanta ko rubuta a kusan wannan adadin lokaci ba tare da la'akari da jiki wuri na data cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar. Sabanin haka, tare da sauran hanyoyin adana bayanai kai tsaye kai tsaye kamar su diski mai wuya, CD-RWs, DVD-RWs da tsofaffin kaset magnetic da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, lokacin da ake buƙata don karantawa da rubuta abubuwan bayanan ya bambanta sosai dangane da yanayin jikinsu akan rikodin matsakaici, saboda iyakance na inji kamar saurin juyawar kafofin watsa labarai da motsi hannu.
RAM | |
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Bayanai | |
Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Q112801081 da computer hardware (en) |
Gajeren suna | RAM |
Manufacturer (en) | Micron Technology (en) , Samsung Electronics (en) , Kingston Technology (en) , Corsair Gaming (en) da Mushkin (en) |
Amfani | computer memory (en) |
RAM ya ƙunshi kewayewa da yawaita abubuwa masu yawa, don haɗa layukan bayanai zuwa ajiyar adireshi don karantawa ko rubuta shigarwa. Galibi ana samun damar adana bayanai fiye da ɗaya ta adireshin guda, kuma na'urorin RAM galibi suna da layukan bayanai da yawa kuma ana cewa su "8-bit" ko "16-bit", da dai sauransu.
A cikin fasahar yau, ƙwaƙwalwar samun dama ba ta ɗauke da sifar kwakwalwan kwamfuta mai haɗawa (IC) tare da ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa na MOS (metal-oxide-semiconductor). RAM ne kullum hade tare da maras tabbas iri memory (kamar tsauri bazuwar-access memory (DRAM) kayayyaki ), inda adana bayanai da aka rasa idan ikon da aka cire, ko da yake ba maras tabbas RAM kuma an ci gaba. Akwai wasu nau'ikan abubuwan da ba a iya canzawa ba waɗanda ke ba da damar samun dama don ayyukan karantawa, amma ko dai ba su ba da izinin ayyukan rubutu ko samun wasu nau'ikan iyakancewa a kansu. Waɗannan sun haɗa da yawancin nau'ikan ROM da nau'in ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa mai suna NOR-Flash .
Manyan nau'ikan ƙwaƙwalwa guda biyu masu rikitarwa sune ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar bazuwar samun dama (SRAM) da ƙwaƙwalwar samun dama ta bazuwar (DRAM). Amfani da kasuwanci na RAM na semiconductor ya koma 1965, lokacin da IBM ya gabatar da guntu na SP95 SRAM don Kwamfutar su /360 Model 95, kuma Toshiba yayi amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar DRAM don Toscal BC-1411 na lantarki na lantarki, duka biyun sun dogara ne da transistors bipolar . Memory na MOS na kasuwanci, wanda ya danganta da transistors na MOS, an haɓaka shi a ƙarshen 1960s, kuma tun lokacin shine tushen duk ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar semiconductor. An ƙaddamar da guntun DRAM IC na kasuwanci na farko, Intel 1103, a cikin Oktoba 1970. Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai rikitarwa (SDRAM) daga baya an yi muhawara tare da guntuwar Samsung KM48SL2000 a cikin 1992.