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Masarautar Ruwanda wata masarauta ce a gabashin Afirka wadda ta yi girma har ta kai ga sarautar daular Tutsi.[1] Ta kasance daya daga cikin mafi dadewa kuma mafi girman masarauta a yankin Tsakiya da Gabashin Afirka.[2] Daga baya aka hade ta a mulkin mallaka na Jamus da Belgium yayin da take rike da wasu 'yan cin gashin kanta. An kawar da sarautar Tutsi a 1961 bayan rikicin kabilanci ya barke tsakanin Hutu da Tutsi a lokacin juyin juya halin Ruwanda wanda ya fara a 1959.[3] Bayan kuri'ar raba gardama a shekara ta 1961, Rwanda ta zama jamhuriyar Hutu kuma ta sami 'yancin kai daga Belgium a 1962. [4]
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| Rushewa | 30 ga Yuni, 1962 | ||||
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Bayan juyin juya hali, an yi gudun hijira na ƙarshe na sarki Kigeli V, kuma daga bisani ya zauna a Amurka. An dai ci gaba da zaman kotun da ke gudun hijira a wajen kasar Rwanda tun bayan da aka soke sarautar. Tun daga ranar 9 ga watan Janairu, 2017, wanda aka yi shelar Sarkin Ruwanda na yanzu shine Yuhi VI. [5]
A cikin karni na 15, wata masarauta, karkashin Sarki Gihanga, ta yi nasarar hade da dama daga cikin yankunan makwabtanta da suka kafa Masarautar Ruwanda. Mafi rinjayen Hutu, kashi 82-85% na al'ummar kasar, galibin talakawa ne masu 'yanci yayin da sarakuna, wadanda aka fi sani da Mwami, Tutsi ne na kabilar Nyiginya. Tabbas wasu 'yan Hutu sun kasance manyan mutane kuma, haka ma, an yi mu'amala mai yawa.
Kafin karni na 19, an yi imanin cewa Tutsis suna da ikon jagoranci na soja yayin da Hutus suka mallaki fasahar noma.
Matsayin uwar Sarauniya yana da mahimmanci, kula da gidan sarauta da kuma shiga cikin harkokin siyasa na kotu. [6] Lokacin da 'ya'yansu suka hau gadon sarauta, iyaye mata za su ɗauki sabon suna. Wannan zai ƙunshi nyira-, ma'ana "mahaifiyar", sannan kuma, yawanci, sunan sarauta na sabon sarki; Sarakuna masu suna Mutara ne kawai ba sa bin wannan al'ada, iyayensu mata suna kiran sunan Nyiramavugo (mahaifiyar shawara).[7]
Yayin da sarakuna suka keɓanta ikonsu da ikonsu, sun rarraba ƙasar ga daidaikun mutane maimakon barin a raba ta ta ƙungiyoyin zuriya, waɗanda yawancin sarakunan gadon Hutu ne. Yawancin sarakunan da Mwamis suka nada Tutsi ne.[8] Sake rarraba filaye, wanda aka kafa tsakanin 1860 da 1895 ta Kigeli IV Rwabugiri, ya haifar da wani tsari na ba da tallafi, wanda a karkashinsa shugabannin Tutsi suka bukaci a yi aiki da hannu don neman hakkin Hutus na mamaye kasarsu. Wannan tsarin ya bar Hutu a cikin matsayi mai kama da manyan Tutsi a matsayin masu mulkin kama-karya.[9] [10]
A karkashin Mwami Rwabugiri, Rwanda ta zama ƙasa mai faɗaɗa. Rwabugiri bai damu ba don tantance kabilanci na mutanen da aka ci yaki da su kuma kawai ya lakafta dukkan su "Hutu". Lakabin "Hutu", saboda haka, ya zama asalin kabilancin da ke da alaƙa da mulkin mallaka. Yayin da ake ci gaba da ɓata Hutu a fagen zamantakewa da siyasa, wannan ya taimaka wajen tabbatar da ra'ayin cewa "Hutu" da "Tutsi" sun kasance na zamantakewar al'umma, ba kabilanci ba. A haƙiƙa, mutum na iya kwihutura, ko "zubar da Hutunci", ta hanyar tara dukiya da haɓaka ta hanyar tsarin zamantakewa. [11]
Kigeri IV Rwabugiri, wanda ake yi wa kallon babban sarki na Ruwanda, an zagaye iyakokin Masarautar a ƙarshen karni na 19. A shekara ta 1900, Ruwanda ta kasance ƙasa ɗaya ce mai tsarin soja.[12]
Sakamakon keɓewarta, haɗin gwiwar Ruwanda da cinikin bayi a Tekun Indiya yana da iyaka sosai har zuwa ƙarshen karni na 19. Turawan farko ba su isa Rwanda ba sai a shekarar 1894, wanda hakan ya sa Rwanda ta zama yanki na karshe na Afirka da Turawa suka yi bincike. [13] A cikin shekarar 1897, Jamus ta kafa kasa a Ruwanda tare da kulla kawance da sarki, wanda ya fara lokacin mulkin mallaka.[14]
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