Kasuwancin shara a duniya
kasuwancin ƙasa da ƙasa na shara a tsakanin ƙasashen duniya / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kasuwancin shara a duniya shine kasuwancin sharar gida tsakanin ƙasashe dan ƙarin magani, zubarwa, ko sake amfani dasu. Ƙasashe masu tasowa ne sukan shigo da shara masu guba ko masu hadari daga kasashen da suka ci gaba a harkokin gyara muhalli.
Kasuwancin Shara a Duniya | |
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Bayanai | |
Ƙaramin ɓangare na | international trade (en) |
Rahoton Bankin Duniya Menene Sharar gida: Binciken Duniya na Gudanar da Sharar Sharar, ya bayyana adadin dattin da aka samar a wata ƙasa. Musamman kasashen da ke samar da dattin datti sun fi ci gaban tattalin arziki da ci gaban masana'antu. [1] Rahoton ya bayyana cewa, "[g] gaba daya, yayin da karuwar tattalin arziki da kuma karuwar al'ummar birane, mafi yawan sharar da ake samarwa." [1] Don haka, ne, ƙasashe a Arewacin Duniya, waɗanda suka fi haɓaka tattalin arziƙi da ƙauyuka, suna samar da datti fiye da ƙasashen Kudancin Duniya. [1]
Hanyoyin kasuwancin ƙasa da ƙasa a halin yanzu suna bin tsarin sharar da ake samarwa a Arewacin Duniya da kuma fitarwa zuwa da zubar da su a Kudancin Duniya. Dalilai da yawa sun shafi ƙasashen da suke samar da sharar gida kuma a wane girma, sannan kuma gami da wurin yanki, matakin masana'antu, da matakin haɗa kai cikin tattalin arzikin duniya.
Masana da masu bincike da dama sun danganta karuwar kasuwancin sharar gida da kuma mummunan tasirin sharar da yaduwar manufofin tattalin arziki na Neoliberal. [2] [3] Tare da babban sauyin tattalin arziƙin zuwa manufofin tattalin arziƙin Neoliberal a cikin shekarun 1980, sauye-sauyen manufar “kasuwa mai ‘yanci” ya sauƙaƙe haɓakar kasuwancin sharar gida a duniya. Henry Giroux, Shugaban Nazarin Al'adu a Jami'ar McMaster, sannan kuma ya ba da ma'anarsa game da manufofin tattalin arziki neoliberal:
"Neoliberalism yana kawar da tattalin arziki da kasuwanni daga maganganun wajibai da tsadar zamantakewa. A matsayin tsarin siyasa da siyasa, to Amman tsarin mulkin neoliberalism yana da alaƙa da mayar da ayyukan jama'a na gwamnati, sayar da ayyukan gwamnati, soke tsarin kuɗi da aiki, kawar da jin dadin jama'a da ƙungiyoyi, sassaucin ra'ayi na kasuwanci a cikin kayayyaki da zuba jari, da tallace-tallace da tallace-tallace inganta rayuwar al'umma." [4]
Idan aka yi la’akari da wannan dandali na tattalin arziki na mayar da ‘yan kasuwa, neoliberalism ya ta’allaka ne kan fadada yarjejeniyoyin ciniki cikin ‘yanci da kafa kan iyakokin kasashen duniya da kasuwannin cinikayya. Kuma 'Yancin ciniki, manufar tattalin arziki na Neoliberal wanda a cikinta ya rushe kasuwancin gaba daya, ba tare da barin haraji, ƙididdiga, ko wasu ƙuntatawa kan cinikayyar kasa da kasa ba, an tsara shi don haɓaka tattalin arzikin ƙasashe masu tasowa da kuma haɗa su cikin tattalin arzikin duniya. Masu sukar lamirin sun yi iƙirarin cewa, duk da cewa an ƙirƙiri ́yancin gudanar da kasuwanci cikin 'yanci ne domin baiwa kowace ƙasa damar kaiwa ga nasara a fannin tattalin arziki, amma sakamakon waɗannan manufofin ya yi illa ga ƙasashen duniya ta Kudu, wanda a zahiri ya gurgunta tattalin arzikinsu a matsayin bautar da yankin Arewacin Duniya ke yi. Ko da magoya bayan irin su Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya, "ci gaban haɗin kai ya kasance marar daidaituwa duk a cikin 'yan shekarun nan" [5]
Musamman kasashe masu tasowa sun yi niyya da manufofin sassaucin ra'ayi na kasuwanci don shigo da sharar gida a matsayin hanyar fadada tattalin arziki . [6] Manufofin tattalin arziki na Neoliberal da ke jagorantar manufofin tattalin arziki na jayayya cewa hanyar da za a shigar da ita cikin tattalin arzikin duniya ita ce shiga cikin 'yanci da musayar kasuwanci a kasuwannin cinikayya na kasa da kasa. [6] Da'awarsu ita ce, Kuma ƙananan ƙasashe, masu ƙarancin ababen more rayuwa, ƙarancin wadata, da ƙarancin masana'antu, yakamata su ɗauki ɓarna masu haɗari a matsayin hanyar haɓaka riba da haɓaka tattalin arzikinsu. [6]