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Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham ( Latinized as Alhazen /ælˈhæzən/ suna Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham أبو علي، الحسن بن الحسن بن الهيثم ; c. 965 – c. 1040 ) masani ne na lissafi, masanin ilmin taurari, kuma masanin kimiyyar Physics na Musulunci daga Iraki ta yau. [1] [2] Wanda ake kiranshi da
Ibn al-Haytham | |
---|---|
Rayuwa | |
Cikakken suna | أَبُو عَلِيّ ٱلْحَسَنٌ بْن ٱلْحَسَنٌ بْن ٱلْهَيْثَم |
Haihuwa | Basra, 965 |
Mazauni | Kairo |
Mutuwa | Kairo, 1039 |
Karatu | |
Harsuna |
Larabci Farisawa |
Ɗalibai | |
Sana'a | |
Sana'a | masanin lissafi, physicist (en) , mai falsafa, Ilimin Taurari, inventor (en) , astrologer (en) da injiniya |
Muhimman ayyuka | Book of Optics (en) |
Wanda ya ja hankalinsa | Aristotle |
Imani | |
Addini | Musulunci |
a matsayin Baban fasahar gani ta zamani (kyamar) ani", [3] [4] ya ba da gudummawa sosakan abinda ya shafi in gani da hangen nesa musamman. Babban littafin sa mai suna Kitāb al-Manāẓir ( Larabci : كتاب المناظر, "Littafin Optics"), wanda aka rubuta a lokacin 1011-1021, wanda aka buga shi a cikin bugun Latin. [5] Ishaku Newton, Johannes Kepler, Christian Huygens, da Galileo Galilei sun yi ta ambaton ayyukan Alhazen a lokacin juyin juya halin kimiyya.
Ibn al-Haytham shi ne farkon wanda ya bayyana yadda za'a ƙirƙira kyamara wadda za'a iya hangowa daga nesa, kuma ya yi jayayya cewa hangen nesa yana faruwa a cikin kwakwalwa, yana mai nuni da abubuwan da aka lura cewa abin da ke tattare da shi ne kuma abin da ya shafi kwarewar mutum. [6] Ya kuma bayyana ka'idar mafi ƙarancin lokaci don hango wanda daga baya zai zama an ɗauka. [7] Ya ba da gudummawa mai girma ga catoptrics da dioptrics ta hanyar nazarin tunani, refraction da yanayin hotuna da aka tattara ta hanyar haske. Ibn al-Haytham ya kasance farkon ma'abocin ra'ayin cewa dole ne a goyi bayan hasashen ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje bisa tabbatattun hanyoyin da za a iya tabbatar da su ko kuma dalilai na lissafi - farkon majagaba a cikin hanyar kimiyya ƙarni biyar kafin masana kimiyya na Renaissance, [8] [9] [10] [11] Wani lokaci ana kwatanta shi a matsayin "masanin kimiyya na farko na duniya". Har ila yau ya kasance mai ilimin lissafi, yayi rubutu akan falsafa, tiyoloji da likitanci. [12]
An haife shi a Basra, ya shafe mafi yawan shekarunsa na hazakarsa a babban birnin Fatimid na Alkahira kuma ya samu rayuwarsa wajen rubuta littafai daban-daban da koyar da mutane. [13] Ibn al-Haytham wani lokaci ana kiran sa al-Basri bayan wurin haihuwarsa, [14] ko al-Miṣri ("Basaraken"). [15] [16] An yi wa Al-Haytham laƙabi da " Ptolemy na Biyu" na Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi [17] da kuma "Mai ilimin lissafi" na John Peckham . [18] Ibn al-Haytham ya share fagen ilimin zamani na kimiyyar gani da ido (wato ta yadda za'a iya ɗaukar hoto). a taƙaice shine mutum na farko da ya ƙirƙira kyamara, ko kuma ya tabbatar da samuwar kyamara.
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