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Harsunan Songhay
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Harsunan Songhay, Songhai ko Ayneha harsuna ( [soŋaj] ko [soŋoj], lafazi cikin Songhay: IPA: ['sõʀai̯ ][ana buƙatar hujja] ) rukuni ne na yaruka / yarukan da ke da alaƙa da juna wanda ke tsakiyar tsakiyar Kogin Neja a ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma na Mali, Nijar, Benin, Burkina Faso da Najeriya . Musamman, ana magana da su a cikin biranen Timbuktu, Niamey da Gao . Ana yin amfani dasu ko'ina a matsayin yaren harshe a wannan yankin tun daga zamanin daular Songhai . A Mali, gwamnati a hukumance ta amince da yaren Gao (gabashin Timbuktu ) a matsayin yaren da za a yi amfani da shi azaman matsakaiciyar ilimin firamare. [4]
Harsunan Songhay | |
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Linguistic classification |
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ISO 639-2 / 5 | son |
Glottolog | song1307[1] |
Songhay | |
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Songhai, Ayneha | |
Geographic distribution | — |
Linguistic classification |
Niluṣeḥrawit?
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Subdivisions |
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ISO 639-2 / 5 | son |
Glottolog | song1307[1] |
![]() Location of Songhay languages[3] Arewacin Songhay: Harshen Korandje
Harshen Koyra Chiini
Tadaksahak
Harshen Tasawaq
Harshen Tagdal
Gabashin Songhay: Tondi Songway Kiini
Koyraboro Senni
Zerma
Songhoyboro Ciine
Harshen Dendi |
Wasu yarukan Songhay ba su da fahimtar fahimtar juna tsakanin juna. Misali, Koyraboro Senni, ana magana da shi a Gao, ba shi da ma'ana ga masu magana da harshen Zarma a Nijar, a cewar masana harsuna . Koyaya, Songhoyboro Ciine, Zarma, da Dendi suna da kyakkyawar fahimta tsakanin Nijar. [5]
Ga masana ilimin harshe, babban abin da ke shafan harsunan Songhay ya kasance wahalar tantance alaƙar su; ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin Nilo-Saharan, kamar yadda Joseph Greenberg ya bayyana a cikin shekarata 1963, amma har yanzu wannan rarrabuwa ya kasance mai kawo rigima. Masanin ilimin harshe Gerrit Dimmendaal shekarar (2008) ya yi imanin cewa a yanzu ya fi dacewa a ɗauke shi dangin mai yare mai zaman kansa. Roger Blench ya yi iƙirarin cewa harsunan Songhay da Saharar sun kafa reshen Songhay-Sahara tare da juna a cikin babban harshe na Nilo-Saharar phylum.
A tarihi, sunan Songhay ba ƙabilanci ba ne ko kuma yaren yare ne ga kowa, amma suna ne ga masu mulki na Daular Songhai waɗanda suka dace da Songhai. Koyaya, madaidaiciyar kalmar da 'yan ƙasar ke amfani da ita don magance yarukan da kuma mutane gabaɗaya ita ce "Ayneha". Baya ga Songhai da kyau, wasu masu magana a Mali ma sun ɗauki sunan Songhay a matsayin sunan ƙabilanci, [6] duk da haka, wasu kungiyoyin masu magana da Songhay suna nuna kansu da wasu kalmomin ƙabilanci, kamar Zarma (Djerma) ko Isawaghen (Sawaq).
'Yan waƙoƙi da wasiƙu da aka tsara a cikin Songhay da aka rubuta da rubutun larabci suna cikin Timbuktu. [7] Koyaya, a halin yanzu an rubuta Songhay cikin rubutun Latin.