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arsunan Papua sune harsunan da ba na Austronesian ba da ake magana a tsibirin Pacific na New Guinea, da kuma tsibirai makwabta a Indonesia, Solomon Islands, da Timor ta Gabas da kusan mutane miliyan 4. Yana da tsananin rukuni na ƙasa, kuma ba ya nuna alaƙar kwayar halitta.
New Guinea ita ce mafi yawan yankuna daban-daban a duniya. Baya ga harsunan Austronesian, akwai wasu harsuna 800 da aka raba zuwa watakila ƙananan iyalai sittin, tare da alaƙa da juna ko kuma wasu harsunan, tare da yawancin harsuna. Yawancin yarukan Papuan ana magana da su a tsibirin New Guinea, tare da adadi da ake magana a Tsibirin Bismarck, Tsibirin Bougainville da Tsibirin Solomon zuwa gabas, da kuma Halmahera, Timor da Tsibirin Alor zuwa yamma. Harshen yammacin, Tambora a Sumbawa, ya ƙare. Ana magana da yaren Papuan guda ɗaya, Meriam, a cikin iyakokin ƙasar Australia, a gabashin Torres Strait.
Harsuna da yawa na Flores, Sumba, da sauran tsibirai na gabashin Indonesia an rarraba su a matsayin Austronesian amma suna da adadi mai yawa na kalmomin da ba na Austronesian ba a cikin ƙamus na asali da siffofin ilimin da ba na Australiya ba. An ba da shawarar cewa waɗannan na iya kasancewa harsunan da ba na Austronesian ba waɗanda suka ranta kusan dukkanin ƙamus daga harsunan Austronesian makwabta, amma ba a sami alaƙa da harsunan Papuan na Timor ba. Gabaɗaya, yarukan Malayo-Polynesian na Tsakiya-Gabas suna da alamar tasirin tarihi na Papuan, a cikin ƙamus, a cikin nahawu, da kuma sauti, kuma wannan yana da alhakin yawancin bambancin dangin yaren Austronesian.
"Harsunan Papuano" ƙungiya ce ta ƙasa, kuma ba ta nuna alaƙar kwayar halitta. [1]'anar Papuan (ba na Austronesian ba) da ke magana da Melanesians" id="mwKg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Melanesians">Melanesians kamar yadda ya bambanta da Melanesian da ke magana a Austronesian an fara ba da shawarar kuma an ba da suna ne daga Sidney Herbert Ray a cikin 1892.
Dangane da William A. Foley (1986):
The term 'Papuan languages' must not be taken in the same sense as 'Austronesan languages'. While all Austronesian languages are genetically related in one family, in the sense that they all descend from a common ancestral language called Proto-Austronesian spoken some 6,000 years ago... [Papuan languages] do not all trace their origins back to a single ancestral language... when a language is termed 'Papuan', this claims nothing more than that a language is not Austronesian.[2]
Yawancin yarukan Papuan suna magana da daruruwan mutane zuwa dubban mutane; mafi yawan jama'a ana samun su a cikin tsaunuka na New Guinea, inda 'yan suka wuce dubu ɗari. Wadannan sun hada da Yammacin Dani (180,000 a 1993) da Ekari (100,000 da aka ruwaito 1985) a yammacin (Indonesia) tsaunuka, da Enga (230,000 a 2000), Huli (150,000 da aka ruwaitan 2011), da Melpa (130,000 da aka bayar 1991) a gabashin (PNG) tsaunukan. A yammacin New Guinea, manyan harsuna sune Makasae a Timor ta Gabas (100,000 a 2010) da Galela a Halmahera (80,000 da aka ruwaito 1990). A gabas, ana magana da Terei (27,000 da aka ruwaito 2003) da Naasioi (20,000 da aka ruwaitan 2007) a Bougainville.
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