Fasahar Afirka
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Fasahar Afirka ta bayyana zane-zane na zamani da na tarihi, siffofi, shigarwa, da sauran al'adu na gani daga ƴan asalin Afirka ko ƴan asalin Afirka da nahiyar Afirka. Ma'anar na iya haɗawa da fasahar Afirka, kamar: Afirkawan-Amurka, Caribbean ko fasaha a cikin al'ummomin Kudancin Amurka waɗanda al'adun Afirka suka yi wahayi zuwa gare su. Duk da wannan bambancin kuma, akwai jigogi na fasaha da ke tattare da juna yayin la'akari da dukkan al'adun gani daga nahiyar Afirka.[1]
Fasahar Afirka | |
---|---|
art of an area (en) | |
Bayanai | |
Ƙaramin ɓangare na | art of the Earth (en) |
Bangare na | Al'adun Afirka |
Facet of (en) | Afirka |
Significant person (en) | Fathi Hassan (en) , Ben Enwonwu da El Anatsui |
Nahiya | Afirka |
Ginin tukwane, aikin ƙarfe, zane-zane, gine-gine, zane-zanen masana'antu da zane-zanensa sune mahimman siffofin zane-zane a duk faɗin Afirka kuma ana iya haɗa su a cikin nazarin fasahar Afirka. Kalmar "Fasahar Afirka" yawanci ba ta haɗa da fasahar yankunan Arewacin Afirka a bakin tekun Bahar Rum, saboda irin waɗannan yankuna sun kasance wani ɓangare na al'adu daban-daban. Fiye da shekaru dubu, fasahar irin waɗannan yankuna sun zama wani ɓangare na Berber ko fasahar Islama, kodayake suna da halaye da yawa na gida.
Fasahar Habasha, tare da kuma doguwar al'adar Kirista, ta bambanta da na mafi yawan Afirka, inda addinin gargajiya na Afirka (tare da Islama a arewa) ya kasance mai rinjaye har zuwa karni na 20.[2] Fasahar Afirka ta haɗa da fasahar prehistoric da tsohuwar, fasahar Islama ta Yammacin Afirka, fasahar Kirista ta Gabashin Afirka, da kayan gargajiya na waɗannan da sauran yankuna. Yawancin siffofin Afirka sun kasance a tarihi a cikin itace da sauran kayan halitta waɗanda ba su tsira daga baya fiye da ƴan ƙarni da suka gabata ba, kodayake ana iya samun tukwane da adadi na ƙarfe a wasu yankuna. Wasu daga cikin kayan ado na farko, kamar su beads na harsashi da shaidar fenti, an gano su a Afirka, tun daga Zamanin Tsakiya.[3][4][5] Masks abubuwa ne masu mahimmanci a cikin fasahar mutane da yawa, tare da kuma siffofin mutane, kuma galibi suna da Stylized sosai. Akwai nau'o'i daban-daban, sau da yawa suna bambanta a cikin wannan mahallin asalin kuma dangane da amfani da abu, amma yanayin yanki mai yawa a bayyane yake; zane-zane ya fi yawa a tsakanin "ƙungiyoyin manoma da suka zauna a yankunan da kogin Nijar da Kongo suka zubar" a Yammacin Afirka.[6] Hotuna kai tsaye na alloli ba su da yawa, amma masks musamman ana yin su ko kuma ana yin su ne don bukukuwan al'ada. Tun daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 an sami karuwar fasahar Afirka a cikin tarin Yamma, mafi kyawun sassan da aka nuna a matsayin wani ɓangare na tarihin mulkin mallaka.
Fasahar Afirka tana da muhimmiyar tasiri a kan fasahar zamani ta Turai, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar sha'awar su ga zane-zane.[7] Wannan godiya ce ga siffofin Afirka da aka danganta da ainihin manufar "fasahar Afirka", kamar yadda masu zane-zane da masana tarihi na Turai da Amurka suka gani.[8][9]
Al'adun Yammacin Afirka sun haɓaka gyaran tagulla don zane-zane, kamar sanannun Benin Bronzes, don yin ado da manyan gidaje da kuma shugabannin sarauta masu kyau daga kusa da garin Bini na Benin City, Jihar Edo, da kuma a cikin terracotta ko ƙarfe, daga ƙarni na 12th. Nauyin zinare na Akan wani nau'i ne na ƙananan siffofin ƙarfe da aka samar a cikin shekara ta 1400-1900; wasu a bayyane suke wakiltar karin magana, suna ba da gudummawa ga wani labari mai ban sha'awa a cikin siffofin Afirka; kuma sarauta sun haɗa da abubuwa masu ban sha'awar zinariya.[10] Ana kuma amfani da adadi da yawa na Yammacin Afirka a cikin al'adun addini kuma galibi ana rufe su da kayan da aka sanya a kansu don hadayu na bikin. Mutanen da ke magana da Mande na wannan yankin suna yin ɓangarori daga itace tare da fadi, shimfidar wurare da makamai da kafafu masu kama da cylinders. A Afirka ta Tsakiya, duk da haka, manyan halaye masu banbanci sun haɗa da fuskoki masu kama da zuciya waɗanda aka lankwasa zuwa ciki kuma suna nuna alamun da'irori da dots.[11][12]