Ciwon Kwayoyin Halitta
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Ciwon kwayoyin halitta matsala ce ta kiwon lafiya ta hanyar daya ko fiye da rashin daidaituwa a cikin kwayoyin halitta . Ana iya haifar da shi ta hanyar maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halitta guda daya (monogenic) ko wasu kwayoyin halitta masu yawa (polygenic) ko ta rashin daidaituwa na chromosomal . Ko da yake cututtukan polygenic sun fi na kowa, ana amfani da kalmar mafi yawa lokacin da ake magana da cuta tare da dalili guda ɗaya, ko dai a cikin kwayar halitta ko chromosome .[1][2] Maye gurbin da ke da alhakin zai iya faruwa ba da jimawa ba kafin haɓakar amfrayo (a de novo maye gurbi), ko kuma ana iya gadonsa daga iyaye biyu waɗanda suke ɗauke da ƙwayar cuta mara kyau ( autosomal recessive inheritance ) ko kuma daga iyaye masu fama da cuta ( autosomal rinjaye gado). Lokacin da cutar ta gado ta gado ɗaya ko duka biyun, ana kuma rarraba ta azaman cuta ta gado. Wasu cututtuka ana haifar da su ta hanyar maye gurbi a kan X chromosome kuma suna da gado mai alaƙa da X. Cututtuka kaɗan ne ake gado akan Y-chromosome ko DNA mitochondrial (saboda girmansu).[3]
Ciwon Kwayoyin Halitta | |
---|---|
Description (en) | |
Iri |
hereditary disorder (en) cuta |
Specialty (en) | medical genetics (en) |
Sanadi |
germline mutation (en) pathology (en) |
Identifier (en) | |
ICD-9-CM | 799.89 |
MeSH | D030342 |
Disease Ontology ID | DOID:630 |
Akwai sanannun cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta sama da 6,000,[4] kuma ana bayyana sabbin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta koyaushe a cikin littattafan likitanci.[5] Fiye da cututtukan kwayoyin halitta 600 ana iya magance su.[6] Kusan 1 a cikin 50 mutane suna fama da sanannen rashin lafiya-kwayoyin halitta, yayin da kusan 1 cikin 263 ke fama da cutar chromosomal .[7] Kusan kashi 65% na mutane suna da wata irin matsalar lafiya sakamakon maye gurbi na haihuwa.[7] Saboda babban adadin cututtukan kwayoyin halitta, kusan 1 cikin mutane 21 suna fama da cutar ta kwayoyin halitta da aka rarraba a matsayin " rauni " (wanda aka fi sani da yana shafar ƙasa da 1 cikin mutane 2,000). Yawancin cututtuka na kwayoyin halitta ba su da yawa a kansu.[5][8]
Ciwon kwayoyin halitta yana samuwa kafin haihuwa, kuma wasu cututtuka na kwayoyin halitta suna haifar da lahani na haihuwa, amma kuma nakasa na iya zama ci gaba maimakon gado . Kishiyar cuta ta gado cuta ce da aka samu . Yawancin ciwon daji, ko da yake sun haɗa da maye gurbin kwayoyin halitta zuwa ƙaramin adadin sel a cikin jiki, an samu cututtuka. Wasu cututtukan ciwon daji, duk da haka, irin su maye gurbi na BRCA cututtukan gado ne na gado.[9]