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Artillery
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Artillery wani nau'in manyan makamai ne na soji wanda ke harba alburusai da ya wuce iyaka da karfin bindigog. Haɓaka manyan bindigogi na farko sun mayar da hankali kan ikon keta katangar tsaro da kagara yayin kewaye, kuma ya haifar da injunan kewaye masu nauyi, marasa motsi. Yayin da fasaha ta inganta, sauƙi, ƙarin bindigogin bindigogi na filin hannu sun haɓaka don amfani da filin daga. Wannan ci gaban yana ci gaba a yau; Motoci masu sarrafa kansu na zamani makamai ne na tafi da gidanka masu girman gaske gabaɗaya suna ba da kaso mafi girma na ƙarfin wuta na sojoji.[ana buƙatar hujja]
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weapon functional class (en) ![]() | |
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Bayanai | |
Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
projectile weapon (en) ![]() |
Amfani wajen |
artillery (en) ![]() |
Asali, kalmar “artillery” tana nufin kowane rukuni na sojoji da farko dauke da wani nau’i na kera makami ko sulke. Tun lokacin da aka gabatar da gunpowder da igwa, "harbin bindigogi" sun fi mayar da ma'anar igwa, kuma a cikin amfani da zamani, yawanci yana nufin harsashi- harbe-harben bindigogi, howitzers, da kuma turmi (wanda ake kira ganga artillery, igwa bindigogi, bindigogi bindigogi, ko - a layman kalmar. - manyan bindigogi ), da makaman roka. A cikin jawabai na yau da kullun, ana amfani da kalmar "harba bindigogi" don yin nuni ga na'urori guda ɗaya, tare da na'urorin haɗi da kayan aikin su, kodayake waɗannan taro an fi kiran su da "kayan aiki". Duk da haka, babu wani kalma da aka sani gabaɗaya ga bindiga, bindigu, turmi, da sauransu: Amurka tana amfani da “bindigu”, amma yawancin sojojin Ingilishi suna amfani da “bindigo” da “turmi”. The projectiles harba yawanci ko dai " harbi " (idan m) ko "harsashi" (idan ba m). A tarihance, an yi amfani da bambance-bambancen harba mai ƙarfi da suka haɗa da gwangwani, harbin sarkar da innabi. "Shell" kalma ce da aka yi amfani da ita sosai don ma'auni, wanda wani bangare ne na bindigogi.
Ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa, manyan bindigogi kuma na iya komawa ga hannun sabis wanda ya saba sarrafa irin waɗannan injuna. A wasu runduna, makaman bindigu sun yi amfani da filin, bakin teku, da jiragen yaki, da na tankokin yaki; A wasu kuma waɗannan makamai ne daban-daban, kuma tare da wasu ƙasashe na bakin teku sun kasance alhakin ruwa ko na ruwa.
A cikin karni na 20, na'urorin sayan manufa na tushen fasaha (kamar radar) da tsarin (kamar sautin sauti da tabo ) sun fito don samun hari, musamman na bindigogi. Ana sarrafa waɗannan yawanci ta ɗaya ko fiye na makaman bindigu. Yaduwar gobara ta kaikaice a farkon karni na 20, yya gabatar da bukatar samar da bayanan kwararru na manyan bindigogi, musamman bincike da yanayi, kuma a wasu rundunonin, samar da wadannan alhakin ne na hannun manyan bindigogi.
An yi amfani da bindigogi tun aƙalla farkon juyin juya halin masana'antu. Yawancin mutuwar yaƙi a cikin Yaƙin Napoleon, Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, da Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu an yi su ne ta hanyar manyan bindigogi. A cikin 1944, Joseph Stalin ya ce a cikin jawabinsa cewa bindigogi "allahn yaki ne".[1]