Frederick Douglass

Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, nado en Cordova, Maryland, en febreiro de 1817 ou 1818^[1][2][3][4] e finado en Washington, D.C., o 20 de febreiro de 1895 foi un reformador social, abolicionista, orador, escritor e estadista estadounidense coñecido como Frederick Douglass. Converteuse no máis importante líder afroamericano polos dereitos civís do século XIX.

Frederick Douglass

Biografía
Nacemento	(en) Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey 14 de febreiro de 1818 Condado de Talbot, Estados Unidos de América (pt)
Morte	20 de febreiro de 1895 (77 anos) Washington, D.C., Estados Unidos de América
Causa da morte	infarto agudo de miocardio
Lugar de sepultura	Cemitério Mount Hope (pt)
Washington, D.C. Recorder of Deeds (en)
1881 –
Embaixador
Serviço de Delegados dos Estados Unidos (pt)
Datos persoais
Residencia	Baltimore
Grupo étnico	Afroamericano
Relixión	Igrexa metodista unida
Actividade
Campo de traballo	Abolicionismo
Ocupación	xornalista, abolicionista, sufraxista, orador, montador, caulker (en) , editor literario, autobiógrafo, empresario, diplomático, escritor, político
Partido político	Partido Republicano
Membro de	Alpha Phi Alpha (membro de honra)
Movemento	Sufraxio e Abolicionismo
Obra
Obras destacables (1845) Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave (en)
Arquivos en	Biblioteca Beinecke de Libros Raros e Manuscritos Anacostia Community Museum (en) Library of Congress Manuscript Division (en) Universidade Howard (pt)
Familia
Cónxuxe	Helen Pitts Douglass (1884–1895) Anna Murray-Douglass (1838–1882)
Fillos	Rosetta Douglass  () Anna Murray-Douglass Lewis Henry Douglass  () Anna Murray-Douglass Frederick Douglass Jr.  () Charles Remond Douglass  () Anna Murray-Douglass
Parentes	Aunt Hester, tía Fredericka Douglass Sprague Perry, neta Joseph Douglass, neto
Premios
(2004)  National Association of Black Journalists Hall of Fame (en)
Sinatura
Descrito pola fonte	Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography Encyclopedia of Political Theory (2010 ed.) (en) , (sec:Douglass, Frederick (1818-1895), p.403-404) Encyclopædia Britannica

Traxectoria

Tras escapar da escravitude en Maryland en 1838, Douglass converteuse no líder nacional do movemento abolicionista en Massachusetts e Nova York e gañou sona pola súa oratoria^[5] e polos seus incisivos escritos antiescravistas. Ademais, foi descrito durante a súa vida como un contraexemplo vivente das afirmacións dos escravistas de que que os escravos carecían de capacidade intelectual suficiente para ser cidadáns estadounidenses.^[6] Os norteños da época atopaban difícil de crer que tan bo orador fose antes un escravo. Como resposta a isto, Douglass escribiu a súa primeira autobiografía.^[7]

Douglass escribiu tres autobiografías, describindo a súa experiencia como escravo en Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave (1845), que foi un éxito de vendas e foi influente na promoción da causa da abolición, igual que o seu segundo libro, My Bondage and My Freedom (1855). Trala guerra civil estadounidense, Douglass mantívose activo en prol dos dereitos dos escravos liberados e escribiu a súa última autobiografía, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. Douglass apoiou tamén activamente o sufraxio feminino e ocupou varios cargos públicos. Sen o seu consentimento, Douglass foi o primeiro afroamericano nomeado para a vicepresidencia dos Estados Unidos, como dupla electoral de Victoria Woodhull polo Equal Rights Party.^[8]

Notas

1. Douglass, Frederick (1881). Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, Written by Himself, His Early Life as a Slave, His Escape from Bondage, and His Complete History to the Present Time. Londres: Christian Age Office. p. 2.
2. McFeely, William S. (1991). Frederick Douglass. Nova York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-393-02823-2.
3. Douglass celebraba o seu aniversario o 14 de febreiro, data agora conmemorada como Douglass Day.
4. Chambers, Veronica; Jamiel Law (ill.) (25 de febreiro de 2021). "How Negro History Week Became Black History Month and Why It Matters Now". The New York Times (en inglés). ISSN 0362-4331. Consultado o 14 de febreiro de 2022.
5. Gatewood, Willard B. Jr. 1981. "Frederick Douglass and the Building of a 'Wall of Anti-Slavery Fire' 1845–1846. An Essay Review." The Florida Historical Quarterly 59(3):340–344.
6. Stewart, Roderick M. 1999. "The Claims of Frederick Douglass Philosophically Considered." Frederick Douglass: A Critical Reader, B. E. Lawson and F. M. Kirkland, eds., pp. 155–156. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-20578-4.
7. Matlack, James. 1979. "The Autobiographies of Frederick Douglass." Phylon (1960–) 40(1):15–28. doi 10.2307/274419. Modelo:JSTOR. p. 16
8. Trotman, C. James (2011). Frederick Douglass: A Biography. Penguin Books. pp. 118–119. ISBN 978-0-313-35036-8.

Véxase tamén

Wikimedia Commons ten máis contidos multimedia na categoría:  Frederick Douglass

Bibliografía

• Baker, Houston A. Jr. (1986). "Introduction". Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Nova York: Penguin.
• Balkin, Jack M. and Levinson, Sanford (2023). "Frederick Douglass as Constitutionalist". Maryland Law Review, forthcoming.
• Barnes, L. Diane. Frederick Douglass: Reformer and Statesman (Routledge, 2012).
• Bennett, Nolan. "To Narrate and Denounce: Frederick Douglass and the Politics of Personal Narrative" Political Theory 44.2 (2016): 240–264.
• Blight, David W. (2018). Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom. Nova York: Simon & Schuster.
• Blight, David W. (1989). Frederick Douglass' Civil War: Keeping Faith in Jubilee. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press.
• Bromell, Nick. The Powers of Dignity: The Black Political Philosophy of Frederick Douglass (Duke University Press, 2021).
• Buccola, Nicholas. The Political Thought of Frederick Douglass: In Pursuit of American Liberty (NYU Press, 2013). online
• Chaffin, Tom (2014). Giant's Causeway: Frederick Douglass's Irish Odyssey and the Making of an American Visionary. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press.
• Chesebrough, David B. Frederick Douglass: Oratory from Slavery (Greenwood, 1998).
• Child, Lydia Maria (1865). "Frederick Douglass" in The Freedmen's Book. Boston: Ticknor and Fields.
• Colaiaco, James A. (2015). Frederick Douglass and the Fourth of July. Nova York: St Martin's Press.
• Dilbeck, D. H. Frederick Douglass: America's Prophet (UNC Press Books, 2018) online
• Douglas, Janet. "A Cherished Friendship: Julia Griffiths Crofts and Frederick Douglass." Slavery & Abolition 33.2 (2012): 265–274.
• Fee Jr., Frank E. "To No One More Indebted: Frederick Douglass and Julia Griffiths, 1849–63." Journalism History 37.1 (2011): 12–26. online
• Finkelman, Paul (2016). "Frederick Douglass's Constitution: From Garrisonian Abolitionist to Lincoln Republican". Missouri Law Review, vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 1–73.
• Finkenbine, Roy E. (2000). "Douglass, Frederick". American National Biography. doi 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1500186. Brief scholarly biography.
• Foster, A. Kristen. "'We Are Men!' Frederick Douglass and the Fault Lines of Gendered Citizenship." Journal of the Civil War Era 1.2 (2011): 143–175.
• Golden, Timothy J. (2021). Frederick Douglass and the Philosophy of Religion: An Interpretation of Narrative, Art, and the Political. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
• Gougeon, Len (2012). "Militant Abolitionism: Douglass, Emerson, and the Rise of the Anti-Slave". New England Quarterly, 85.4: 622–657.
• Hamilton, Cynthia S. (2005). "Models of Agency: Frederick Douglass and 'The Heroic Slave'". American Antiquarian Society.
• Hawley, Michael C. (2022). "Light or Fire? Frederick Douglass and the Orator's Dilemma". American Journal of Political Science.
• Henderson, Rodger C. (December 1, 2006). "Native Americans and Frederick Douglass". Oxford African American Studies Center.
• Huggins, Nathan Irvin (1980. Slave and Citizen: The Life of Frederick Douglass (Library of American Biography). Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
• Julien, Isaac and Cora Gilroy-Ware, with Vladimir Seput, eds. (2021). Lessons of the Hour: Frederick Douglass. Nova York: DelMonico Books. ISBN 9781636810393.
• Kilbride, Daniel. "What did Africa Mean to Frederick Douglass?". Slavery & Abolition 36.1 (2015): 40–62. online
• Lampe, Gregory P. (1998). Frederick Douglass: Freedom's Voice. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press.
• Lee, Maurice S., ed. The Cambridge Companion to Frederick Douglass (2009), essays by experts, with emphasis on historiography.
• Levine, Robert S. (1997). Martin Delany, Frederick Douglass, and the Politics of Representative Identity. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
• Levine, Robert S. (2016). The Lives of Frederick Douglass. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Levine, Robert S. (2021). The Failed Promise: Reconstruction, Frederick Douglass, and the Impeachment of Andrew Johnson. Nova York: W. W. Norton & Company.
• McClure, Kevin R. "Frederick Douglass' use of comparison in his Fourth of July oration: A textual criticism." Western Journal of Communication 64.4 (2000): 425–444. online
• McMillen, Sally Gregory (2008). Seneca Falls and the Origins of the Women's Rights Movement. Oxford University Press.
• Mieder, Wolfgang (2001). "No Struggle, No Progress": Frederick Douglass and His Proverbial Rhetoric for Civil Rights. Peter Lang Pub Incorporated.
• Mindich, David T. Z. "Understanding Frederick Douglass: Toward a New Synthesis Approach to the Birth of Modern American Journalism." Journalism History 26.1 (2000): 15–22. online
• Muller, John (2012). Frederick Douglass in Washington, D.C.: The Lion of Anacostia. Charleston, S.C.: The History Press. ISBN 978-1-60949-577-0.
• Oakes, James (2007). The Radical and the Republican: Frederick Douglass, Abraham Lincoln, and the Triumph of Antislavery Politics. Nova York: W. W. Norton & Company.
• Quarles, Benjamin (1948). Frederick Douglass. Washington: Associated Publishers.
• Ramsey, William M. "Frederick Douglass, Southerner." Southern Literary Journal 40.1 (2007): 19–38.
• Ray, Angela G. "Frederick Douglass on the Lyceum Circuit: Social Assimilation, Social Transformation?" Rhetoric & Public Affairs 5.4 (2002): 625–647. summary
• Rebeiro, Bradley. "Frederick Douglass and the Original Originalists". Brigham Young University Law Review, vol. 48 (2023)
• Ritchie, Daniel. "'The stone in the sling': Frederick Douglass and Belfast abolitionism." American Nineteenth Century History 18.3 (2017): 245–272.
• Root, Damon. (2020). A Glorious Liberty: Frederick Douglass and the Fight for an Antislavery Constitution. Potomac Books Inc. ISBN 978-1-64012-235-2.
• Sandefur, Timothy. (2008). "Douglass, Frederick (1818–1895)". En Hamowy, Ronald. The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Cato Institute. pp. 126–127. ISBN 978-1-4129-6580-4. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024. doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n80.
• Selby, Gary S. "The limits of accommodation: Frederick Douglass and the Garrisonian abolitionists." Southern Journal of Communication 66.1 (2000): 52–66.
• Stauffer, John (2009). Giants: The Parallel Lives of Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln. Twelve, Hachette Book Group.
• Stephens, Gregory (1997). "Frederick Douglass' Multiracial Abolitionism—Antagonistic Cooperation & Redeemable Ideals in the July 5 Speech". Communication Studies 48 (3): 175–194. doi:10.1080/10510979709368500.
• Stephens, Gregory. "Arguing with a Monument: Frederick Douglass' Resolution of the 'White Man Problem' in his 'Oration in Memory of Lincoln'" Comparative American Studies An International Journal 13.3 (2015): 129–145. online
• Sundstrom, Ronald. (2017). "Frederick Douglass". En Zalta, Edward N. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
• Sweeney, Fionnghuala. Frederick Douglass and the Atlantic World (Liverpool University Press, 2007) online.
• Vogel, Todd, ed. (2001). The Black Press: New Literary and Historical Essays. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
• Washington, Booker T. (1906). Frederick Douglass. Londres, UK: Hodder & Stoughton. Online Historian John Hope Franklin wrote that Washington's biography of Douglass "has been attributed largely to Washington's friend, S. Laing Williams". Introduction to Three Negro Classics, Nova York: Avon Books (1965), p. 17.
• Webber, Thomas L. (1978). Deep Like the Rivers: Education in the Slave Quarter Community, 1831–1865. Nova York: W. W. Norton & Company.
• Woodson, C. G. (1915). The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861: A History of the Education of the Colored People of the United States from the Beginning of Slavery to the Civil War. Nova York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.