Liosta de ghlasraí duilleogacha

Seo liosta plandaí a bhfuil ról cócaireachta acu mar ghlasraí. Is féidir úsáid a bhaint as an téarma "glasra" le haghaidh bríonna éagsúla, lena n-áirítear cócaireachta, luibheolaíochta agus dlíthiúla. Áirítear sa liosta seo torthaí luibheolaíochta ar nós puimcíní, agus ní áirítear luibheanna, spíosraí, gránaigh agus an chuid is mó de thorthaí cócaireachta agus chnónna cócaireachta. Níl fungais inite san áireamh sa liosta.

Bíonn glasraí slíthiúla sainithe chun críocha rialála, cánachais agus eile. D'áireofaí an trátaí mar shampla, gur sméar luibheolaíochta é, ach gur glasra cócaireachta é de réir dlí na Stát Aontaithe.

Níl roinnt glasraí cócaireachta, mar shampla sleabhac, fiú ina mbaill de ríocht na bplandaí.

Liosta

Eochair

• Tagann luanna a bhfuil 'Ecoport' orthu ó shuíomh Gréasáin Ecoport, tairseach éiceolaíochta a forbraíodh i gcomhar leis an Foras Bia agus Talmhaíochta na Náisiún Aontaithe FBT.^[1]
• Iad siúd atá marcáilte le GRIN tagann siad ón 'GRIN Taxonomy of Food Plants'.^[2]
• Iad siúd atá marcáilte le Duke ón leabhar James Duke Handbook of Energy Crops .

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Speiceas	Ainm coitianta	Tuairimí
Abutilon theophrasti	Siúit shíneach	Tá an blas go maith, ach ós rud é go bhfuil uigeacht na nduilleog cosúil le éadach agus nach bhfuil sé briosc, níl sé an-oiriúnach le hithe amh.[3]
Acacia pennata	Acáise chleiteach	Cha-om, glasra tábhachtach i mBurma agus sa Téalainn[4][5][6]
Acmella oleracea	Paribhiolar	Brèdes mafane, duilleoga a bhfuil blas géar orthu, a bhfuil an-tóir orthu i Madagascar áit a n-úsáidtear iad chun mias ar a dtugtar romazava a ullmhú.[7]
Althaea officinalis	Leamhachán coiteann	Glasra a bhí oiriúnach le hithe i measc na Sean Rómhánaigh; bhí mias de leamhachán coiteann ar cheann de na sócamais a bhí acu.
Amaranthus cruentus	Amarantas fuilteach	Téalainnis: phak khom daeng . Vítneaimis: rau dên . Tá speicis amarantais inite agus tá blas taitneamhach orthu, ach tá cion áirithe d’aigéad ocsalach iontu agus b’fhearr iad a ithe tar éis an t-uisce a fhiuchadh agus a dhiúscairt [8][9]
Amaranthus retroflexus	Amarantas lúbtha	Téalainnis: phak khom . Níos gairbhe ná speicis eile d'amaranth nuair nach bhfuil siad saothraithe, ach an-choitianta mar fiailí.
Amaranthus spinosus	Amarantas spíonach	Téalainnis: phak khom nam
Amaranthus tricolor	Amarantas trídhathach	Bíonn tóir ar hibridí an amarantais, go minic ó shaothrú hidroponach, sa tSín agus i dtíortha eile na hÁise. Is gnách go n-itear iad bánaithe [10][11]
Amaranthus viridis	Amarantas glas	Mailéalaimis; chiira[12][13]
Apium graveolens	Lus na smaileog	De ghnáth, is é an gas is mó a bhfuil tóir air, ach is iad na duilleoga an príomhbhiai i go leor anraithí. Tá ailléirge shoilire ag daoine áirithe gur féidir leis a bheith ina chúis le turraing anaifiolachtach a d'fhéadfadh duine a mharú.[14]
Atriplex hortensis	Spionáiste eilifleoige	Anallód, saothraíodh é i nDeisceart na hEorpa. Faoi láthair, níl mórán measa air mar ghlasra duilleach.[15][16][17]
Barbarea verna	Treabhach earraigh	Meastar gur ionadach sásúil é ar bhiolar uisce.
Barringtonia acutangula	Mangróbh fionnuisce, Chik-nam, Kra don	Itear buinneoga agus duilleoga óga amh le Nam phrik. Bíonn tóir air in Isan
Basella alba	Spionáiste bán	[18][19]
Beta cicla	Biatas bán	Ceann de shliocht saothraithe an bhiatais mhara
Beta vulgaris maritima	Líon na trá	[20]
Borago officinalis	Borráiste gorm	Go forleathan mar ghlasra duille roimhe seo. Fós luachmhar i roinnt áiteanna san Iodáil agus i dTuaisceart na Spáinne.[21]
Brassica carinata	Brasacach sceallchruthach	[22][23]
Brassica juncea	Brasacach mustaird	[24][25]
Brassica napus	Praiseach tornapach	Ráib, a bhfuil tóir air i gcócaireacht Indiach agus Neipealach, de ghnáth shuaithfhriochta le salann, gairleog agus spíosraí.[26][27]
Brassica napus var. pabularia	Praiseach thornapach var. pabularia	[28][29]
Brassica nigra	Praiseach dhubh	Tá praiseach dhubh (nó mustard dubh) le fáil go coitianta i ngairdíní a ndearnadh faillí orthu, ar thaobh an bhóthair, i bpáirceanna tréigthe, agus i gceantair ina ndéantar diúscairt dramhaíola. Tá an planda dúchasach don Áise agus don Eoraip, ach fásann sé anois i gcuid mhór de dheisceart Cheanada agus beagnach gach ceann de na Stáit Aontaithe. Is é seo an príomh-mustaird a úsáidtear i dtarsainn, agus mar sin, de ghnáth, bíonn baint aige le brocairí teo. Chun tarsann mustaird a dhéanamh, caithfidh na síolta a bheith mínmheilte agus ansin a bheith meascaithe le plúr agus cuid bheag uisce agus fínéagar. Is féidir an planda a shaothrú i gcomhair a chuid duilleog óg a úsáidtear i sailéad nó mar luibh phota.[30]
Brassica oleracea	Cóilis ghlas	[31]
Brassica oleracea var. acephala	Cóilis ghlas var acephala	Is cineál cabáiste í a bhfuil duilleoga cothroma nó catach uirthi agus dathanna na ngas a théann ó dúghlas go burgúnach. Tá go leor cothaithigh ann lena n-áirítear cailciam, iarann, agus vitimíní A, C, agus K. Is féidir duilleoga óga úra a fhómhar chun iad a úsáid i sailéid nó ligean dóibh aibiú agus a úsáid mar ghlasra cócaráilte. Is féidir í a fháil i rith míonna an tsamhraidh, ach bíonn sí milis, go háirithe tar éis seaca.[32]
Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra	Brocailí Síneach nó Gail-lan	[33]
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis	Cóilis	[34][35]
Brassica oleracea var. capitata	Cabáiste	[36][37]
Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera	Bachlóg Bhruiséile	[38][39]
Brassica oleracea var. italica	Brocailí Iodálach	[40][41]
Brassica oleracea var. palmifolia	Cál pailme
Brassica rapa	Tornapa fiáin	Duilleoga a bhfuil tóir orthu i ndeisceart na Stát Aontaithe, [[Galicia, sa Spáinn] (Grelos)[42][43][44]
Brassica rapa fosp. chinensis	Tornapa fiáin fosp. Síneach Choi	[45]
Brassica rapa fosp. narinosa	Tornapa fiáin fosp. leathanshrónach	[46]
Brassica rapa fosp. nipposinica	Tornapa fiáin fosp. Síneach	[47]
Brassica rapa fosp. pekinensis	Tornapa fiáin fosp Péicingeach	[48]
''Brassica rapa'' fosp. ''rapa''	Tornapa fiáin fosp. tornapach	[49]
Brassica rapa var. perviridis	Tornapa fiáin fosp. an-ghlas
Brassica rapa var. rosularis	Tornapa fiáin fosp. róiséad
Campanula rapunculus	Scornlus tornapaín	Fásadh go forleathan san Eoraip é uair amháin dá dhuilleoga, a úsáideadh mar spionáiste [50]
Campanula versicolor	Scornlus ildathach	Úsáidtear i gcócaireacht na Gréige cuisine[50]
Capparis spinosa	Capras spíonach	Úsáidtear duilleoga caprais mar chuid de chócaireacht na Gréige [51][52]
Celosia argentea var. argentea	Cealóis gheal	Ar a dtugtar "spionáiste Lagos", tá sé ar cheann de na príomhghlasraí bruite in Iarthar na hAfraice[53][54]
Centella asiatica	Lus na hÁise, Gotukola	Deoch fhionnuar is ea 'Bai bua bok' sa Téalainn Gotukola Sambola in Sri Lanka
Chenopodium album	Blonagán bán	Is planda bliantúil fiaileach é an blonagán bán sa ghéineas Chenopodium, a fhásann go tapa. Saothraítear agus itear Chenopodium album go forleathan i dTuaisceart na hIndia mar bharra bia ar a dtugtar bathua.[55][56]
Chenopodium ambrosioides	American Wormseed	Chenopodium species are edible, but many species are mediocre as a leaf vegetable.[57]
Chenopodium berlandieri fosp. nuttalliae	Southern Huauzontle	[58][59]
Chenopodium bonus-henricus	Good King Henry	One of the finest Chenopodium species[60][61]
Chenopodium giganteum	Tree Spinach	[62][63]
Chenopodium glaucum	Oak-Leaved Goosefoot	[64]
Chenopodium nuttalliae	Huauzontle	Popular in Mexico[65]
Chenopodium quinoa fosp. quinoa	Quinoa	It has its origin in the Andean region[66][67]
Chenopodium rubrum	Red Goosefoot	[68]
Chrysanthemum coronarium	Garland chrysanthemum	Popular in Korean, Cantonese, Taiwanese, Hong Kong and Japanese cuisine[69]
Cichorium endivia	Endive	[70]
Cichorium endivia var. crispum,	Curly endive	Sometimes called "chicory" in the United States, called chicorée frisée in French[70]
Cichorium endivia var. latifolium,	Broad-leaved endive	Escarole in French[70]
Cichorium intybus	Chicory	Leaves cooked with Fave in Northern Italy[71][72]
Cichorium intybus var. foliosum	Belgian endive	Also known as witloof
Cichorium intybus var. foliosum	Puntarelle	Also known as Catalogna chicory
Cichorium intybus	Radicchio	Popular in Italy[71]
Cichorium intybus	Sugarloaf
Cirsium oleraceum	Cabbage thistle	[73]
Claytonia perfoliata	Miner's lettuce	Used by California Gold Rush miners who ate it to prevent scurvy. Like lettuce but rougher[74]
Claytonia sibirica	Siberian spring beauty	Has beet-flavoured leaves.[75]
Cleome gynandra	African cabbage	Widespread in many tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world. Its leaves form an important part of diets in Southern Africa.[76]
Cnidoscolus aconitifolius	Chaya or Tree spinach	Traditional food in parts of Central and South America. Leaves must be cooked before being eaten.[77]
Coccinia grandis	Ivy Gourd	Leaves cooked in soups in Thailand.[78][79]
Colocasia esculenta	Taro	Only the young leaves are eaten. Popular in Mauritius.[80][81]
Corchorus olitorius	Jew's mallow	Used in Molokhiya[82][83][84][85]
Coriandrum sativum	Cilantro, Coriander	Used mainly for garnishing or in small quantities[86]
Crambe maritima	Sea kale	It was popular as a blanched vegetable in the early 19th Century, but its use declined
Crassocephalum crepidioides	Redflower ragleaf	Traditionally eaten as a green in tropical Africa. Possible toxicity not well studied
Cratoxylum formosum	Phak tiu som or Phak tiu daeng	Young leaves are edible. Popular in Laos, Thailand (Isan) and Vietnam
Crithmum maritimum	Samphire	In the 19th century, samphire was being shipped in casks of seawater from the Isle of Wight to market in London at the end of May each year.[87]
Crotalaria longirostrata	Chipilín	A common leafy vegetable in the local cuisines of southern Mexico[88][89]
Cryptotaenia japonica	Mitsuba	Small quantities added to soups, etc.[90][91]
Cyclanthera pedata	Caigua	Traditional green in Central America and South America[92]
Cynara cardunculus	Cardoon	Leaf stems are valued as food[93][94]
Diplazium esculentum	Vegetable fern	Probably the most commonly consumed fern[95][96]
Diplotaxis tenuifolia	Perennial Wall-rocket	Often marketed under the same common names (Arugula, Rocket, Baby leaf rocket etc) as Eruca sativa
Erythrina fusca	Thong lang	Fresh raw leaves eaten in Thailand in Miang kham.[97]
Eruca sativa	Arugula, Rocket	Especially appreciated in Veneto, Italy[98]
Emex spinosa	Lesser jack	It was formerly used as a leafy vegetable, but not highly valued
Eryngium foetidum	Bhandhanya, Culantro	Eaten as a leafy green in Thailand. Used as seasoning in the Caribbean.
Foeniculum vulgare	Fennel	[99]
Galactites tomentosa	Scarlina	Edible type of thistle [100]
Galinsoga parviflora	Gallant Soldier	Popular in Colombia and Peru in soups and salads[101]
Glechoma hederacea	Ground Ivy	[102]
Glinus lotoides	Lotus sweetjuice	Used as a leaf vegetable in many tropical countries[103]
Gnetum gnemon	Melindjo	Popular in Indonesian cuisine.[104][105]
Gynura crepioides	Okinawan Spinach	Grown commercially as a vegetable in China
Halimione portulacoides	Sea purslane	[106]
Hibiscus sabdariffa	Roselle	Telugu: Gongura. Roselle leaves are edible and have a pleasant taste. This plant is having good medicinal values. In some areas it is used as substitute of Jute.
Hirschfeldia incana	Shortpod mustard	[107]
Honckenya peploides	Sea sandwort	Traditionally used as food by the inhabitants of coastal Subarctic areas[108]
Houttuynia cordata	Fishwort	Popular as a leaf vegetable particularly in Vietnam[109][110]
Hydrophyllum canadense	John's Cabbage	It was used as a leaf vegetable by Native American peoples[111]
Hydrophyllum virginianum	Shawnee Salad	It was used as a leaf vegetable by Native American peoples[112]
Hyoseris radiata		Used in Liguria, Italy, to make preboggion
Hypochaeris maculata	Spotted Cat's-ear	Similar to dandelion but not as tasty
Hypochaeris radicata	Catsear	Young leaves should be harvested before they become too fibrous[113]
Inula crithmoides	Golden samphire	Young leaves may be eaten raw or cooked as a leaf vegetable.[114]
Inula helenium	Elecampane	Leaves are edible, although root is preferred[115]
Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.	Water Spinach	Popular leafy green in Southeast Asia[116][117]
Ipomoea batatas var. batatas	Sweet Potato	[118][119]
Kleinhovia hospita		Young leaves are eaten as a vegetable in Malaya, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.[120]
Lablab purpureus	Lablab	The leaves are used as greens, but have to be cooked like spinach and the water has to be discarded.[121]
Lactuca indica	Indian Lettuce	[122][123]
Lactuca perennis		[124]
Lactuca sativa	Lettuce	The wild varieties differ much from the average cultivated salad lettuce.
Lactuca sativa	Celtuce	[125]
Lactuca serriola	Prickly Lettuce	Prickly lettuce is a common edible weed that is native to Europe, but can now be found from coast to coast in the United States. The name comes from the small prickles that can be found on the lower part of the stem and the midrib of the leaves. The plant is found in fields, places of waste, and roadsides. The leaves of the plant reach out towards the sun and for this reason the plant is sometimes called the Compass Plant. Prickly Lettuce can grow to be from two to five feet tall but should be harvested early on when it is a few inches high. The young leaves of the plant are very tender and make an excellent salad green. As a potherb, the plant needs little cooking and is commonly made with a sauce of melted butter or vinegar. Prickly lettuce should be harvested in spring or early summer.[30]
Lagenaria siceraria	Bottle Gourd	In Burma young leaves are boiled and eaten with nga peet spicy sauce[126][127]
Lallemantia iberica	Dragon's head	Cultivated in ancient times. Popular in Iran as green vegetable[128]
Lamium album	White deadnettle	[129]
Lamium amplexicaule	Henbit deadnettle	[130]
Lamium purpureum	Red deadnettle	Leaves of plants are eaten in salads or in stirfry.[131]
Lapsana communis	Nipplewort	Cultivated in Ancient Rome. Presently it is not valued as a leafy vegetable[132]
Launaea sarmentosa	Kuḷḷafila	Used in Maldivian cuisine, usually finely chopped and mixed with Maldive fish and grated coconut in a dish known as mas huni.[133]
Leichhardtia australis	Bush Banana	Traditional food of the Indigenous Australian people[134]
Leontodon hispidus	Hawkbit	Leontodon species are dandelion-like plants that are generally edible[135]
Leontodon tuberosus		Popular in Crete as a leafy green[135]
Lepidium campestre	Field pepperweed	All Lepidium species are edible. Appreciated for their peppery taste[136]
Lepidium latifolium	Dittander	[137][138]
Lepidium meyenii	Maca	A traditional vegetable of the Andean mountain areas[139][140]
Lepidium sativum	Garden cress	Used in soups, sandwiches and salads for its tangy flavor[141][142]
Lepidium virginicum	Virginia pepperweed	[143]
Leucaena leucocephala	Phak kratin	Popular in Laos and Thailand (Isan)
Levisticum officinale	Lovage	Used in salads and soups. Flavor and smell are very similar to celery[144]
Limnocharis flava	Genjer	Used in Southeast Asia, but considered inferior fare in some places[145][146]
Limnophila aromatica	Rice paddy herb, Ngò om	Popular in Vietnamese cuisine as an ingredient in canh chua, a sweet and sour seafood soup[147]
Limnophila indica		[148]
Lysimachia clethroides	Gooseneck Loosestrife	Edible, but considered poor fare[149]
Malva neglecta		All Malva species are edible, but are generally considered poor fare or rough food[150][151]
Malva parviflora	Cheeseweed	[152]
Malva sylvestris	Mallow	[153]
Malva verticillata	Musk Mallow
Malva verticillata var. crispa		[154]
Manihot esculenta fosp. esculenta	Cassava	Should be always eaten boiled after disposing of the water. In some countries cassava leaves are regarded as a poor man's food and only eaten when there is nothing else.[155][156][157][158]
Marsilea crenata	Semanggi	Steamed leaf are used in certain areas of Java as component of pecel
Matteuccia struthiopteris	Kogomi	The sprouts are a delicacy in Japanese cuisine[159]
Megacarpaea polyandra	多蕊高河菜 duo rui gao he cai	From the cabbage family. The young leaves are cooked as a vegetable in China[160]
Melanthera biflora	Sea daisy	The leaves and shoots are edible[161] and are eaten cooked in Malaysian cuisine as a leaf vegetable and in Langkhttp://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2162awi raw with chilli and shrimp paste sambal.[162][163][164]
Mentha arvensis piperascens	Japanese mint	All Mentha species are edible, but generally used in small quantities as garnishing or in salads
Mentha longifolia	Habek mint	[165]
Mertensia maritima	Sea bluebell	Traditionally used as food after boiling by the Inuit [108]
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum	Ice plant	[166][167]
Mimulus guttatus	Seep monkey flower	The raw or cooked leaves were one of the traditional foods of the Mendocino and Miwok Indians, among other native peoples[168][169]
Mirabilis expansa	Mauka	One of the important food crops of the ancient Inca empire. Leaves were eaten as a leaf vegetable or used raw in salads.[170]
Morinda citrifolia	Noni tree	Known as bai-yo in Thai cuisine the leaves are cooked with coconut milk in a curry.[171]
Moringa oleifera	Drumstick tree	Leaves are very popular in South Asia for curries and omelettes.[172][173][174]
Moringa ovalifolia	South-west African moringa	Found in northern Namibia and south-western Angola
Moringa stenopetala	Ethiopian moringa	[175]
Mycelis muralis	Wall lettuce	Leaves eaten raw in salads[176][177]
Myrianthus arboreus	Ujuju	Important food source in the Delta and Edo States of Nigeria[178]
Myriophyllum brasiliense	Parrot feather	Used as a leaf vegetable in South America[103]
Myrrhis odorata	Cicely	Young stalks and leaves are eaten in salads[179]
Nasturtium officinale	Watercress	One of the most popular salad greens in certain areas, but watercress crops grown in the presence of animal waste can be a haven for parasites such as the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica.[180]
Neptunia oleracea Loureiro	Phak chet	Widely used in Thailand. Eaten raw with Nam phrik[181]
Nymphaea odorata	Fragrant Water Lily	Young leaves were eaten as a vegetable by Native Americans[182]
Nymphoides indica	Water Snowflake	Young leaves and stems are edible.[183]
Nymphoides peltata	Yellow floating heart	[184]
Ocimum basilicum	Sweet Basil	Used in soups and sauces.[185]
O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora	Thai basil	Eaten both raw and cooked[186]
Ocimum × citriodorum	Lemon basil	Used throughout Southeast Asia[187]
Oenanthe javanica	Water Celery	Used in Southeast Asia and the Far East[188][189]
Oenothera biennis	Common evening primrose	[190][191]
Oenothera hookeri	Hooker's Evening-primrose	Leaves are cooked as greens[192]
Onoclea sensibilis	Sensitive fern	It was used as a vegetable by the Iroquois[193]
Oroxylum indicum	Pheka	Has edible leaves and stems, eaten especially in Isan (Thailand) and in Laos[194]
Oryza sativa	Rice	[195][196][197]
Osmorhiza aristata		Grows in China and Japan[198][199]
Osmunda cinnamomea	Cinnamon fern	[200]
Osmunda claytoniana	Interrupted fern	[201]
Oxalis acetosella	Common wood sorrel	Oxalis species contain oxalic acid and should not be eaten for long periods in large quantities. If possible, they should be eaten after boiling and disposing of the water[202]
Oxalis corniculata	Creeping woodsorrel	[203]
Oxalis deppei	Iron Cross	Popular as a vegetable in Mexico for its sharp, lemony taste[204]
Oxalis oregana	Redwood sorrel	[205]
Oxalis stricta	Common yellow woodsorrel	[206]
Oxalis tuberosa	Oca	[207][208]
Oxalis violacea		[209]
Oxyria digyna	Mountain sorrel	[210]
Pachira aquatica	Money tree	[211][212]
Pachira insignis		[213]
Paederia foetida		[214]
Parkia biglandulosa
Parkia speciosa	Petai	[215][216]
Parkinsonia florida	Blue Palo Verde
Pastinaca sativa fosp. sativa	Parsnip	[217][218]
Patrinia scabiosifolia	Golden lace
Patrinia villosa
Paulownia tomentosa	Empress tree	[219]
Pedalium murex	Burra Gookeroo	Mucilaginous[220]
Peperomia pellucida	Clearweed	[221][222]
Pereskia aculeata	Barbados Gooseberry	[223][224]
Pergularia daemia		[225]
Perilla frutescens	Perilla	[226]
Persicaria hydropiper	Water pepper	The leaves of a cultivar of this plant are eaten in Japan[227]
Persicaria vulgaris
Petasites frigidus	Arctic butterbur	[228]
Petroselinum crispum	Parsley	Only eaten as garnish, not in large quantities [229]
Peucedanum ostruthium		[230]
Phaseolus coccineus	Runner Bean	[231][232]
Phaseolus lunatus	Lima Bean	[233][234]
Phaseolus vulgaris	Bean	[235][236][237]
Phragmites australis	Common Reed	[238][239]
Phyla scaberrima	Rough fogfruit
Phyllanthus acidus	Star Gooseberry
Phyllanthus emblica	Myrobalan	[240]
Phyteuma orbiculare	Round-headed rampion
Phytolacca acinosa	Indian Pokeberry	[241]
Phytolacca acinosa var. esculenta
Phytolacca americana	American Pokeweed	Poisonous until properly prepared.[242][243]
Phytolacca dioica	Bella Sombra	[244]
Phytolacca rivinoides	Deer calalu	[245][246][247]
Pimpinella anisum	Aniseed	[248][249]
Pimpinella saxifraga	Burnet Saxifrage	[250]
Pinus densiflora	Japanese Red Pine	[251][252]
Piper auritum	Mexican pepperleaf	Known as Hoja santa (holy leaf). Aromatic herb with a heart-shaped, velvety leaf often used in Mexican cuisine for tamales and sauces.[253]
Piper guineense	West African pepper	[254]
Piper sarmentosum	Cha-phlu	Popular in Thailand in Miang kham[255]
Pipturus argenteus	Queensland grass-cloth plant	[256]
Pisonia grandis	Tree lettuce	The leaves are traditionally used as a leaf vegetable in some countries.[257] Traditionally eaten by Maldivians in Mas huni.[133]
Pistacia chinensis	Chinese Pistache	[258][259]
Pistacia terebinthus	Terebinth	[260][261]
Pistia stratiotes	Water Lettuce	[262]
Pisum sativum	Garden pea	[263][264]
Plantago coronopus	Buckshorn plantain	Some people may be allergic to this plant.[265][266]
Plantago lanceolata	Long-leaved plantain	[267]
Plantago major	Broad-leaved Plantain	[268]
Plantago maritima		[269]
Pluchea indica		[270]
Podophyllum hexandrum	Himalayan mayapple	[271]
Poliomintha incana		[272]
Polygonum aviculare	Knotweed	[273]
Polygonum bistorta	Bistort	[274]
Polygonum bistortoides	American Bistort	[275]
Polygonum punctatum
Polygonum viviparum	Alpine bistort	[276]
Poncirus trifoliata	Trifoliate orange	[277]
Pontederia cordata		[278]
Portulaca oleracea	Common purslane	Popular in Greek cuisine[279][280]
Portulaca pilosa
Portulacaria afra	Elephant Bush
Primula veris	Cowslip	[281][282]
Primula vulgaris	Primrose	[283]
Pringlea antiscorbutica	Kerguelen cabbage	Its leaves contain a Vitamin C-rich oil, a fact which, in the days of sailing ships, made it very attractive to British sailors suffering from scurvy[284]
Prosopis spicegera
Prunella vulgaris		[285]
Psoralea esculenta	Prairie turnip	The prairie turnip is a legume that was often used by American Indians located in the Great Plains. Roots of the legumes provide a valuable source of protein, minerals, and carbohydrates. Most turnips have white skin and the portion of the plant that is seen above the ground is purple, red, or green in color. The root below the surface is known as the taproot and is usually around 5-20 centimeters in diameter.[286]
Pteris ensiformis
Ptychosperma elegans
Pulicaria odora
Pulmonaria officinalis	Lungwort	[287]
Puya caerulea
Puya chilensis		[288]
Pyrus betulaefolia	Birch-Leaved Pear
Ranunculus ficaria	Lesser celandine	[289]
Raphanus raphanistrum	Wild radish	[290]
Raphanus raphanistrum ssp. landra
Raphanus raphanistrum ssp. maritimus
Raphanus sativus	Radish	[291][292]
Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus	Chinese radish
Raphia hookeri	Raffia palm	[293][294]
Reichardia picroides	French Scorzonera	[295]
Rhamnus dahurica
Rheum rhabarbarum
Rheum tataricum
Rhexia virginica	Meadow beauty	[296]
Rhodiola rosea	Roseroot	[297]
Rhododendron arboreum		[298]
Rhopalostylis sapida	Nikau
Ribes cereum		[299]
Ribes divaricatum		[300]
Ribes nigrum	Blackcurrant	[301][302]
Ribes odoratum		[303]
Rorippa indica		[304]
Rorippa islandica
Rosa multiflora	Seven Sisters Rose	[305]
Roystonea elata
Roystonea oleracea
Rubus rosaefolius		[306]
Rumex acetosa	Sorrel	Many species of Rumex are edible, but they contain a relatively high proportion of oxalic acid. Raw leaves should be eaten sparingly and leaves should preferably be used after boiling and disposing of the water.[307][308]
Salicornia europaea	Glasswort	Glasswort is a leafless plant with jointed stems that are a light green color in the summer and a red color in the fall. There are very small flowers within the segmented portions of the plant. The plant is found in coastal salt marshes and alkaline soils within south Nova Scotia and Eastern and central North America. The stems have a salty flavor and can be harvested to be used in salads, as a puree, or as a pickled condiment.[309]
Salix babylonica	Weeping Willow	[310]
Salix daphnoides		[311]
Salix gracilistyla	Rosegold pussy willow
Salsola kali	Saltwort	[312][313]
Salsola komarovii	Land Seaweed
Salsola soda	Opposite leaved saltwort	[314]
Salvadora persica	Toothbrush tree	[315]
Sambucus javanica		[316]
Sambucus sieboldiana		[317]
Sanguisorba canadensis		[318]
Sanguisorba minor	Salad Burnet	[319]
Sanguisorba officinalis	Great Burnet
Sassafras albidum	Sassafras	[320]
Sauropus androgynus	Katuk	A traditional vegetable in some tropical countries that should be consumed in moderate quantities due to the presence of papaverine[321][322][323]
Saxifraga pensylvanica	Eastern Swamp Saxifrage	The Cherokee traditionally ate the leaves raw as greens[324][325]
Saxifraga stolonifera	Creeping Rockfoil	Occasionally used fresh or cooked in Japanese cuisine[326]
Schleichera oleosa		[327][328]
Scolymus hispanicus	Tagarnina	Edible thistle. Popular in Southern Spanish cuisine [329]
Scolymus maculatus	Spotted golden thistle	[329]
Scorzonera hispanica	Scorzonera	[330][331]
Scutellaria baicalensis	Baikal Skullcap	[332]
Sechium edule	Chayote	[333][334]
Sedum anacampseros	Love-restorer	All stonecrops (Sedum) are edible, but are generally mediocre food.[335]
Sedum divergens	Spreading stonecrop	Traditional salad vegetable of the Haida and the Nisga'a people of Northwest British Columbia.[336]
Sedum reflexum	Jenny's stonecrop	Occasionally used as a salad leaf or herb in Europe.[337]
Sedum rhodanthum	Rose crown	[338]
Sedum telephium	Livelong	[339]
Senna occidentalis	Digutiyara	Traditionally eaten in the Maldives in Mas huni. Leaves are finely chopped.[133]
Senna siamea	Cassod Tree	Used in Thai cuisine in a curry named Kaeng khilek. Leaves are boiled and strained and the water discarded.[340]
Sesamum alatum	Sésame de gazelle	Eaten in dry regions of Africa like Chad as a vegetable. Considered as famine food in some areas[341][342][343]
Sesamum indicum	Sesame	[344][345]
Sesamum radiatum	Benniseed	Fresh leaves and young shoots are a popular leafy vegetable in Africa[346][347][348]
Sesbania grandiflora	West Indian pea	[349][350][351]
Sesbania sesban	Sesban	[352]
Sesuvium portulacastrum	Sea Purselane	[353]
Setaria palmifolia	Palm-grass	[354][355]
Sicyos angulatus		[356]
Sida rhombifolia	Arrowleaf sida
Sidalcea neomexicana
Silaum silaus	Pepper saxifrage	Despite the name, it is neither a saxifrage nor peppery in taste[357]
Silene acaulis	Moss campion	[358]
Silene vulgaris	Bladder Campion	Collejas; a traditional green in Manchego cuisine, Spain[359][360]
Silybum marianum	Blessed milk thistle	[361]
Sinapis alba	White Mustard	[362][363]
Sinapis arvensis	Charlock	[364]
Sisymbrium altissimum		[365]
Sisymbrium crassifolium		[366]
Sisymbrium irio	London rocket
Sisymbrium officinale	Hedge mustard	[367]
Sium cicutaefolium
Smyrnium olusatrum	Alexanders	[368]
Solenostemon rotundifolius	Chinese potato	[369][370]
Solidago missouriensis		[371]
Sonchus arvensis	Field sow-thistle	[372]
Sonchus asper	Spiny-leaved sow thistle	[373]
Sonchus oleraceus	Sow Thistle	Leaves are eaten as salad greens or cooked like spinach. This is one of the species used in Chinese cuisine as kŭcài (菜; lit. bitter vegetable).[374]
Sophora japonica	Pagoda-tree	[375]
Spathiphyllum phryniifolium
Sphenoclea zeylanica		[376]
Sphenostylis stenocarpa		[377][378]
Spilanthes acmella	Toothache Plant
Spinacia oleracea	Spinach	Spinach contains a certain proportion of oxalic acid. Raw leaves should be eaten sparingly. In dishes that include large quantities, leaves should preferably be used after boiling and disposing of the water.[379][380]
Spirodela polyrhiza	Greater Duck-weed	[381]
Spondias dulcis	Otaheite Apple	[382][383]
Spondias mombin	Yellow mombin	[384][385]
Spondias purpurea	Jocote	[386][387]
Stanleya pinnatifida
Stellaria media	Common Chickweed	[388][389]
Stenochlaena palustris
Sterculia foetida		[390]
Sterculia tragacantha
Strychnos spinosa	Natal orange	[391][392]
Suaeda maritima	Sea Blite	[393]
Symphytum officinale		[394]
Symphytum uplandicum
Synedrella nodiflora		[395]
Syzygium malaccense	Malay apple	[396][397]
Syzygium polycephalum		[398]
Talinum paniculatum	Jewels of Opar
Talinum portulacifolium		[399]
Talinum triangulare		[400]
Tanacetum vulgare	Tansy	[401]
Taraxacum albidum
Taraxacum officinale	Dandelion	[402][403]
‘‘Telfairia occidentalis’‘	Fluted gourd	[404][405]
Telosma cordata
Tetracarpidium conophorum
Tetragonia decumbens
Tetragonia implexicoma		[406]
Tetragonia tetragonioides	New Zealand Spinach	[407][408]
Thalia geniculata
Thespesia populnea	Portia tree	[409]
Thlaspi arvense	Pennycress	[410]
Thymus vulgaris	Common Thyme	[411]
Tiliacora triandra
Toddalia asiatica		[412]
Toona sinensis	Chinese Mahogany
Tordylium apulum		[413]
Trachycarpus fortunei	Windmill Palm	[414]
Tradescantia virginiana		[415]
Tragopogon dubius	Western salsify	[416]
Tragopogon porrifolius	Salsify	[417][418]
Tragopogon pratensis	Goat's Beard	[419]
Trianthema portulacastrum		[420]
Trichodesma zeylanicum
Trifolium hybridum	Alsike Clover	Clover leaves are edible, but should be dipped in salt water before eating or preparation to aid in digestion[421][422]
Trifolium pratense	Red Clover	[423][424]
Trifolium repens	White Clover	[425]
Trigonella caerulea	Sweet Trefoil	[426]
Trigonella corniculata		[427][428]
Trillium erectum	Wake-robin	[429]
Trillium grandiflorum	White trillium	[430]
Trillium sessile
Trillium undulatum	Painted trillium	[431]
Tropaeolum majus	Garden Nasturtium	[432][433]
Tropaeolum minus	Dwarf Nasturtium	[434][435]
Tropaeolum tuberosum	Mashua	[436][437]
Tulbaghia alliacea		[438]
Tussilago farfara	Coltsfoot	[439]
Typha capensis
Typha elephantina		[440]
Ullucus tuberosus	Ulluco	[441][442]
Ulmus pumila	Siberian elm	[443]
Urena lobata	Rose Mallow	[444]
Urtica dioica	Stinging Nettle	A good pot herb. Often also used as famine food[445]
Urtica urens	Annual Nettle	[446]
Valerianella eriocarpa	Italian Corn Salad	[447][448]
Valerianella locusta	Corn Salad	[449][450]
Vallaris heynei
Verbena officinalis	European Verbena	[451]
Vernonia amygdalina	Bitter leaf	[452][453]
Veronica anagallis-aquatica	Water Speedwell	[454]
Veronica beccabunga	Brooklime	[455]
Veronicastrum sibiricum
Viola adunca		[456]
Viola canadensis	Canada Violet	[457]
Viola odorata	Sweet Violet	[458]
Viola papilionacea
Viola pedata	Bird's Foot Violet	[459]
Viola sororia	Common blue violet
Viola x wittrockiana
Vitex doniana		[460]
Vitis amurensis	Amur grape	[461]
Vitis californica	California wild grape	[462]
Vitis coignetiae
Vitis labrusca	Northern Fox Grape	[463][464]
Vitis munsoniana
Vitis shuttleworthii
Vitis vinifera	Grape	[465][466][467]
Wasabia japonica	Wasabi	Fresh leaves can be eaten, having the spicy flavor of wasabi roots
Wisteria floribunda	Japanese wisteria	[468]
Wolffia arrhiza		[469]
Xanthoceras sorbifolium	Yellowhorn
Xanthosoma atrovirens
Xanthosoma brasiliense		[470][471]
Xanthosoma sagittifolium		[472][473]
Xanthosoma violaceum		[474][475]
Ximenia americana		[476][477]
Zanthoxylum piperitum
Zanthoxylum planispinum
Zingiber zerumbet	Awapuhi	[478]

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134. "Leichhardtia australis, bush banana, leaves - Food". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-03-21. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
135. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
136. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-17. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
137. "GRIN". Ars-grin.gov.
138. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
139. "GRIN". Ars-grin.gov.
140. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-17. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
141. "GRIN". Ars-grin.gov.
142. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-17. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
143. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-17. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
144. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-17. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
145. "GRIN". Ars-grin.gov.
146. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
147. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
148. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
149. "Lysimachia clethroides - Duby. -PAF". Pfaf.org. Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-12-15. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
150. "GRIN". Ars-grin.gov.
151. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
152. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
153. "GRIN". Ars-grin.gov.
154. "GRIN". Ars-grin.gov.
155. PA Lancaster & JE Brooks, Cassava leaves as human food - 1983
156. "GRIN". Ars-grin.gov.
157. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2014-03-14.
158. "Duke". Hort.purdue.edu.
159. "Let us go fiddlehead foragin', but carefully".
160. "Flora of China". Efloras.org.
161. "Melanthera biflora - Useful Tropical Plants". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2018-03-01. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
162. "Wedelia biflora".
163. "Entity Display : Wedelia biflora". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
164. "Hagonoi / Wedelia Biflora".
165. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
166. "GRIN". Ars-grin.gov.
167. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-17. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
168. "Montana Plant Life".
169. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-17. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
170. "GRIN". Ars-grin.gov.
171. "แกงกะทิใบยอ".
172. "GRIN". Ars-grin.gov.
173. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2006-05-23.
174. "Duke". Hort.purdue.edu.
175. "Zemede Asfaw, "Conservation and use of traditional vegetables in Ethiopia"". Bioversityinternational.org. Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-07.
176. "PAF - Mycelis muralis - (L.)Dumort". Pfaf.org. Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-11. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
177. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-17. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
178. "PROTA Myrianthus arboreus P.Beauv". Database.prota.org.
179. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2016-01-16.
180. "CDC Parasites & Health: Fascioliasis". Dpd.cdc.gov. Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-02-16. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
181. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
182. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-10. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
183. Aquaflora Nymphoides indica Curtha i gcartlann Lúnasa 28, 2011, ar an Wayback Machine
184. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
185. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
186. Frances Hutchinson, Garden Herbs (The Gardener's Handbook), Fog City Press, 2003, page 237
187. "Kemangi". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-12-15.
188. "GRIN". Ars-grin.gov.
189. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-13. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
190. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-10. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
191. "{{{title}}}" (1968-10-01). Economic Botany 22 (4): 369–370. doi:10.1007/BF02908133.
192. ISU Curtha i gcartlann Bealtaine 29, 2010, ar an Wayback Machine
193. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-08. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
194. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-11. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
195. "GRIN". Ars-grin.gov.
196. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2006-06-30.
197. "Duke". Hort.purdue.edu.
198. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
199. [Osmorhiza aristata - (Thunb.)Makino.&Yabe. PFAF - Osmorhiza aristata (Thunb.)Makino.&Yabe.]
200. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-10. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
201. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
202. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
203. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
204. "Oxalis deppei". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-11. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
205. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-10. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
206. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
207. "GRIN". Ars-grin.gov.
208. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
209. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
210. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
211. "GRIN". Ars-grin.gov.
212. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-17. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
213. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
214. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
215. "GRIN". Ars-grin.gov.
216. "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
217. "GRIN". Ars-grin.gov.
218. "Entity Display : Pastinaca sativa". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-11. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
219. "Entity Display : Paulownia tomentosa". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-07. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
220. Pedalium Murex - Food resource Curtha i gcartlann Samhain 27, 2011, ar an Wayback Machine
221. "GRIN #870". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-11. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
222. "Entity Display : Peperomia pellucida". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-21. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
223. "GRIN #871". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-10. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
224. "Entity Display : Pereskia aculeata". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
225. "Entity Display : Pergularia daemia". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
226. "Entity Display : Perilla frutescens". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
227. "Entity Display : Persicaria hydropiper". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-07.
228. "Entity Display : Petasites frigidus". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
229. "Entity Display : Petroselinum crispum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
230. "Entity Display : Peucedanum ostruthium". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
231. "GRIN #877". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
232. "Entity Display : Phaseolus coccineus". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
233. "GRIN #879". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-11. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
234. "Entity Display : Phaseolus lunatus". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
235. "GRIN #880". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-11. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
236. "Entity Display : Phaseolus vulgaris". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2006-05-17. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
237. "Phaseolus vulgaris".
238. "Entity Display : Phragmites australis". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-13.
239. "Duke".
240. "GRIN #884". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-11. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
241. "Entity Display : Phytolacca acinosa". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
242. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?908%5B%5D
243. "Entity Display : Phytolacca americana". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-13.
244. "Entity Display : Phytolacca dioica". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
245. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?909%5B%5D
246. "Entity Display : Phytolacca rivinoides". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
247. "Phytolacca rivinoides - Plant Information Sheet, Food Plants". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2008-08-04. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
248. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?910%5B%5D
249. "Entity Display : Pimpinella anisum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
250. "Entity Display : Pimpinella saxifraga". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2016-01-16. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
251. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?913%5B%5D
252. "Entity Display : Pinus densiflora". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-07.
253. "Cóip cartlainne". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2011-09-11. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
254. "Entity Display : Piper guineense". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-10.
255. Pictures of the Miang kam preparation process Curtha i gcartlann 2011-09-04 ar an Wayback Machine
256. "Entity Display : Pipturus argenteus". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
257. "Capricornia Cuisine: Bush Tucker in Central Queensland".
258. "GRIN #923". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-11. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
259. "Entity Display : Pistacia chinensis". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
260. "GRIN #924". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
261. "Entity Display : Pistacia terebinthus". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-08. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
262. "Entity Display : Pistia stratiotes". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2016-09-21.
263. "GRIN #926". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
264. "Entity Display : Pisum sativum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-14.
265. Buckshorn plantain (Plantago coronopus) Curtha i gcartlann Márta 31, 2012, ar an Wayback Machine
266. "Entity Display : Plantago coronopus". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
267. "Entity Display : Plantago lanceolata". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-09.
268. "Entity Display : Plantago major". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-07.
269. "Entity Display : Plantago maritima". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-08.
270. "Entity Display : Pluchea indica". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2016-01-16. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
271. "Entity Display : Podophyllum hexandrum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2008-02-22. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
272. "Entity Display : Poliomintha incana". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-07.
273. "Entity Display : Polygonum aviculare". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-20.
274. "Entity Display : Polygonum bistorta". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2016-01-16. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
275. "Entity Display : Polygonum bistortoides". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
276. "Entity Display : Polygonum viviparum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
277. "Entity Display : Poncirus trifoliata". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
278. "Entity Display : Pontederia cordata". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
279. "GRIN #941". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
280. "Entity Display : Portulaca oleracea L". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-11. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
281. "GRIN #952". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
282. "Entity Display : Primula veris". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-17. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
283. "Entity Display : Primula vulgaris". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
284. "Kerguelen cabbage". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-05-29.
285. "Entity Display : Prunella vulgaris". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
286. Stahnke, April, Michelle Hayes, Karen Meyer, Karla Witt, Jeanna Weideman, Anne Fernando, Rhoda Burrows, and Reese Neil. (2008). "{{{title}}}". Native Plants Journal (Indiana University Press) 9 (1).
287. "Entity Display : Pulmonaria officinalis". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-13.
288. "Entity Display : Puya chilensis". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
289. "Entity Display : Ranunculus ficaria". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-17. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
290. "Entity Display : Raphanus raphanistrum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-13.
291. "GRIN #1014". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
292. "Entity Display : Raphanus sativus Bailey". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-13. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
293. "GRIN #1015". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
294. "Entity Display : Raphia hookeri". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-17. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
295. "Entity Display : Reichardia picroides". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
296. "Entity Display : Rhexia virginica". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-17. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
297. "Entity Display : Rhodiola rosea". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-17. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
298. "Entity Display : Rhododendron arboreum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-17. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
299. "Entity Display : Ribes cereum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
300. "Entity Display : Ribes divaricatum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
301. "GRIN #1029". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
302. "Entity Display : Ribes nigrum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
303. "Entity Display : Ribes odoratum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-13.
304. "Entity Display : Rorippa indica". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
305. "Entity Display : Rosa multiflora". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-12.
306. "Entity Display : Rubus rosaefolius". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-08.
307. "GRIN #1070". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
308. "Entity Display : Rumex acetosa". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-08.
309. Peterson, Lee (1977). "{{{title}}}". New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. Google preview of alternate edition 978-0-395-92622-2
310. "Entity Display : Salix babylonica L.". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2006-05-26. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
311. "Entity Display : Salix daphnoides". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-08.
312. "Entity Display : Salsola kali". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-13.
313. "Duke".
314. "Entity Display : Salsola soda". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
315. "Entity Display : Salvadora persica". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
316. "Entity Display : Sambucus javanica". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
317. "Entity Display : Sambucus sieboldiana". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
318. "Entity Display : Sanguisorba canadensis". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
319. "Entity Display : Sanguisorba minor". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
320. "Entity Display : Sassafras albidum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-13.
321. Nutritive value of Sauropus androgynus leaves Curtha i gcartlann Samhain 27, 2011, ar an Wayback Machine
322. "GRIN #1095". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-11. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
323. "Entity Display : Sauropus androgynus". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
324. Daniel E. Moerman, Native American Food Plants: An Ethnobotanical Dictionary
325. "Entity Display : Saxifraga pensylvanica". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
326. "Entity Display : Saxifraga stolonifera". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
327. "GRIN #1098". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
328. "Entity Display : Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
329. "Entity Display : Scolymus maculatus". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
330. "GRIN #1101". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
331. "Entity Display : Scorzonera hispanica". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-07.
332. "Entity Display : Scutellaria baicalensis". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-12.
333. "GRIN #1104". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-08-03. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
334. "Entity Display : Sechium edule". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-16.
335. Sedum Anacampseros, Evergreen Orpine - Food Resource Curtha i gcartlann Samhain 27, 2011, ar an Wayback Machine
336. "Plants of Coastal British Columbia, including Washington, Oregon, & Alaska". ecoport.org (2004). Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2016-01-16.
337. "Sedum rupestre - L. Crooked Yellow Stonecrop".
338. "Rosecrown - Sedum rhodanthum".
339. "Entity Display : Sedum telephium". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2016-01-16. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
340. "แกงขี้เหล็ก - Kaeng khilek". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2018-06-18. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
341. G. J. H. Grubben, Vegetables, Plant Resources of Tropical Africa Curtha i gcartlann Bealtaine 16, 2010, ar an Wayback Machine
342. "GRIN #1110". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-11. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
343. "Entity Display : Sesamum alatum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-12.
344. "GRIN #1111". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-10. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
345. "Entity Display : Sesamum indicum L.". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2006-05-04. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
346. "GRIN #1113". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-08-03. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
347. "Entity Display : Sesamum radiatum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-16.
348. "PROTA". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2018-03-01. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
349. "GRIN #1114". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
350. "Entity Display : Sesbania grandiflora". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-13.
351. "Duke".
352. "Entity Display : Sesbania sesban". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-18.
353. "Entity Display : Sesuvium portulacastrum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-07.
354. "GRIN #1116". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
355. "Entity Display : Setaria palmifolia". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
356. "Entity Display : Sicyos angulatus". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
357. "Silaum silaus – Pepper Saxifrage". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 1 Samhain 2013. Dáta rochtana: 7 Iúil 2020.
358. "Entity Display : Silene acaulis". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
359. "GRIN #1120". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-11. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
360. "Entity Display : Silene vulgaris". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-12.
361. "Entity Display : Silybum marianum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
362. "Entity Display : Sinapis alba". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-13.
363. "Duke".
364. "Entity Display : Sinapis arvensis". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
365. "Entity Display : Sisymbrium altissimum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
366. "Entity Display : Sisymbrium crassifolium". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
367. "Entity Display : Sisymbrium officinale". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
368. "Entity Display : Smyrnium olusatrum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
369. "GRIN #70741". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-10. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
370. "Entity Display : Solenostemon rotundifolius". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2006-05-22. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
371. "Entity Display : Solidago missouriensis". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
372. "Entity Display : Sonchus arvensis". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
373. "Entity Display : Sonchus asper". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
374. "Kucai" (Chinese). Baidu Encyclopedia (苦菜_百度百科).
375. "Entity Display : Sophora japonica". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-13.
376. "Entity Display : Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-13.
377. "GRIN #1157". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
378. "Entity Display : Sphenostylis stenocarpa". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
379. "GRIN #1158". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
380. "Entity Display : Spinacia oleracea". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
381. "Entity Display : Spirodela polyrhiza". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
382. "GRIN #1159". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
383. "Entity Display : Spondias dulcis". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-13.
384. "GRIN #1160". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-10. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
385. "Entity Display : Spondias mombin". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
386. "GRIN #1161". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-08-03. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
387. "Entity Display : Spondias purpurea". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2006-05-19. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
388. "GRIN #1165". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
389. "Entity Display : Stellaria media". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
390. "Entity Display : Sterculia foetida L.". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
391. "GRIN #1172". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-10. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
392. "Entity Display : Strychnos spinosa". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
393. "Entity Display : Suaeda maritima". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 13 January 2013.
394. "Entity Display : Symphytum officinale". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
395. "Entity Display : Synedrella nodiflora". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
396. "GRIN #1182". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
397. "Entity Display : Syzygium malaccense". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2016-01-16. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
398. "Entity Display : Syzygium polycephalum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
399. "Entity Display : Talinum portulacifolium". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
400. "Entity Display : Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd.". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
401. "Entity Display : Tanacetum vulgare". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
402. "GRIN #1189". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
403. "Entity Display : Taraxacum officinale". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
404. "GRIN #1190". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
405. "Entity Display : Telfairia occidentalis". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
406. "Entity Display : Tetragonia implexicoma". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
407. "GRIN #1194". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
408. "Entity Display : Tetragonia tetragonioides". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 13 January 2013.
409. "Entity Display : Thespesia populnea". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2008-02-22. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
410. "Entity Display : Thlaspi arvense". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
411. "Entity Display : Thymus vulgaris". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
412. "Entity Display : Toddalia asiatica". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
413. "Entity Display : Tordylium apulum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
414. "Entity Display : Trachycarpus fortunei". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2008-02-22. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
415. "Entity Display : Tradescantia virginiana". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2006-05-24. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
416. "Entity Display : Tragopogon dubius". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
417. "GRIN #1205". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
418. "Entity Display : Tragopogon porrifolius". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
419. "Entity Display : Tragopogon pratensis". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
420. "Entity Display : Trianthema portulacastrum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
421. Wild Plants Curtha i gcartlann 2016-02-18 ar an Wayback Machine
422. "Entity Display : Trifolium hybridum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 8 July 2012.
423. "Entity Display : Trifolium pratense". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 9 July 2012.
424. "Trifolium pratense".
425. "Entity Display : Trifolium repens". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 July 2012.
426. "Entity Display : Trigonella caerulea". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 8 July 2012.
427. "GRIN #1217". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-11. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
428. "Entity Display : Trigonella corniculata". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 13 January 2013.
429. "Entity Display : Trillium erectum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
430. "Entity Display : Trillium grandiflorum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 13 January 2013.
431. "Entity Display : Trillium undulatum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
432. "GRIN #1235". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
433. "Entity Display : Tropaeolum majus". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
434. "GRIN #1236". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
435. "Entity Display : Tropaeolum minus". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
436. "GRIN #1237". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
437. "Entity Display : Tropaeolum tuberosum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
438. "Entity Display : Tulbaghia alliacea". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
439. "Entity Display : Tussilago farfara". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2008-02-22. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
440. "Entity Display : Typha elephantina". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 13 January 2013.
441. "GRIN #1242". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-11. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
442. "Entity Display : Ullucus tuberosus". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
443. "Entity Display : Ulmus pumila". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
444. "Entity Display : Urena lobata". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2006-03-10. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
445. "Entity Display : Urtica dioica". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 15 July 2012.
446. "Entity Display : Urtica urens". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 13 July 2012.
447. "GRIN #1259". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
448. "Entity Display : Valerianella eriocarpa". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
449. "GRIN #1260". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-10. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
450. "Entity Display : Valerianella locusta". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
451. "Entity Display : Verbena officinalis". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 13 January 2013.
452. "GRIN #1264". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-11. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
453. "Entity Display : Vernonia amygdalina". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 13 January 2013.
454. "Entity Display : Veronica anagallis-aquatica". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
455. "Entity Display : Veronica beccabunga". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
456. "Entity Display : Viola adunca". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 13 January 2013.
457. "Entity Display : Viola canadensis". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 13 January 2013.
458. "Entity Display : Viola odorata". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2006-05-17. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
459. "Entity Display : Viola pedata". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
460. "Entity Display : Vitex doniana". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
461. "Entity Display : Vitis amurensis". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
462. "Entity Display : Vitis californica". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
463. "GRIN #1285". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
464. "Entity Display : Vitis labrusca". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
465. "GRIN #1287". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-13. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
466. "Entity Display : Vitis vinifera". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2006-05-13. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
467. "Vitis vinifera".
468. "Entity Display : Wisteria floribunda". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
469. "Entity Display : Wolffia arrhiza". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 8 July 2012.
470. "GRIN #1292". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
471. "Entity Display : Xanthosoma brasiliense". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 13 January 2013.
472. "GRIN #1294". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-10. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
473. "Entity Display : Xanthosoma sagittifolium". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2006-05-17. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
474. "GRIN #1295". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-11. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
475. "Entity Display : Xanthosoma violaceum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
476. "GRIN #1296". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-10. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
477. "Entity Display : Ximenia americana". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
478. "Entity Display : Zingiber zerumbet". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 13 January 2013.